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Igneous rocks: Igneous rocks are the rocks that are formed from an originally hot molten material, through the various process of cooling and crystallization are termed igneous rocks. Igneous rocks are supposed to form after the crystallization and consolidation of magma or lava.
Purpose:
1. Different types of granites are used for geological studies.
2. Diorite is used in buildings as decorative stones and also as aggregate.
3. Andesite is used in buildings as decorative stones and in the paint industry.
Sedimentary Rocks: The pre-existing rocks on the Earth’s surface are eroded continually by natural processes. The sediments that are produced get transported by the natural agencies to the basins where they are deposited, get compacted and consolidated, over a long period of time, and transform into a cohesive solid mass. These solid’s mass is called sedimentary rocks.
Purpose:
1. Sandstones are the ideal rock for groundwater and oil reservoirs.
2. Shale is used to manufacture bricks and tiles.
3. Limestones are the primary source of lime for cement. Cement is considered one of the basic construction materials.
Metamorphic rocks: Metamorphic rocks form from pre-existing igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks under the conditions of high temperature and pressure. The original texture, composition, and mineralogy of the parent rocks get changed in the new physicochemical and/or tectonic conditions. The process that causes this change is called metamorphism and the resultant rock is called metamorphic rock.
Purpose:
1. Metamorphic rocks are an important source of building materials. Marble is commonly used as a decorative building stone since prehistoric times.
2. White marble is particularly prized as a stone from which to create monuments and statues, such as the famous Taj Mahal.
3. Slate is very useful in building material and finds application in roof tiles, floor tiles, pool tables, blackboards, etc.