The preservation and restoration of the River Ganga (also known as the Ganges) have been a significant focus of the Indian government and various organizations. Several actions have been taken to address the pollution and degradation of the river. Here are some key initiatives:

1. Namami Gange Program: In 2014, the Indian government launched the Namami Gange Program, a holistic initiative aimed at cleaning and conserving the River Ganga. The program focuses on various aspects, including sewage treatment, solid waste management, riverfront development, afforestation, and public awareness.

2. Construction of Sewage Treatment Plants (STPs): One of the major sources of pollution in the Ganga is the discharge of untreated sewage. As part of the Namami Gange Program, numerous sewage treatment plants have been constructed along the river and its tributaries to treat domestic and industrial wastewater before its release into the river.

3. River Surface Cleaning: Efforts have been made to physically clean the river surface of floating solid waste and debris. Skimmer boats and trash skimmers are used to collect floating waste, and manual cleaning drives involving volunteers and local communities have been organized.

4. Afforestation and Biodiversity Conservation: Afforestation along the riverbanks and in the catchment areas is being promoted to prevent soil erosion, improve groundwater recharge, and enhance biodiversity. Plantation drives are conducted to increase the green cover and stabilize the riverbanks.

5. Regulation of Industrial Effluents: Strict regulations have been imposed on industries to control the discharge of pollutants into the river. Industrial effluent treatment plants are mandated to treat wastewater before it is released into the Ganga or its tributaries.

6. Riverfront Development: The development of riverfront areas aims to create public spaces, recreational facilities, and amenities while ensuring the ecological integrity of the river. It includes the construction of ghats (steps leading to the river), riverfront promenades, and beautification of the surroundings.

7. Public Awareness and Community Participation: Various awareness campaigns and programs have been conducted to educate people about the importance of the Ganga and the need for its conservation. Community participation is encouraged through the involvement of local communities, NGOs, and other stakeholders in the preservation efforts.

These are some of the key actions undertaken to preserve the River Ganga. However, it is a complex and long-term challenge, requiring sustained efforts and collaboration between government bodies, communities, and organizations to ensure the long-term health and sustainability of the river.