The Mughal emperor known for his interest in astronomy and architecture was Akbar the Great. Reigning from 1556 to 1605, Akbar was a patron of the arts and sciences, including astronomy. He established an observatory at Fatehpur Sikri and employed scholars to study celestial phenomena. Akbar is also renowned for his architectural contributions, including the construction of Fatehpur Sikri itself and the renovation of the Red Fort in Delhi. His reign is often celebrated for its cultural and intellectual advancements.