Astronauts repair spacecraft in space using a combination of specialized tools, pre-planned procedures, and their training. Here’s a brief overview of how they handle repairs:

1. Preparation and Training: Astronauts undergo rigorous training to handle potential repairs and malfunctions. They practice procedures in simulators and study manuals specific to their spacecraft.

2. Tools and Equipment: They use a range of tools designed for space use, including wrenches, screwdrivers, and specialized repair kits. Tools are often tethered to prevent them from floating away in the microgravity environment.

3. Detailed Procedures: Repairs are carried out following detailed procedures. Mission Control on Earth provides guidance and support, often using video feeds from the spacecraft to assist astronauts in real-time.

4. Pre-Positioned Spare Parts: Spare parts and components are stored aboard the spacecraft. For more complex repairs, astronauts may use parts from the spacecraft’s inventory or from cargo resupply missions.

5. Microgravity Adaptations: Astronauts adapt their techniques to work effectively in microgravity. They might use Velcro or bungee cords to hold objects in place while working.

6. Spacewalks: For external repairs, astronauts perform spacewalks (extravehicular activities, or EVAs) wearing specially designed spacesuits. They use tools and techniques suited for working outside the spacecraft.

7. Remote Assistance: Mission Control can provide remote assistance, including sending diagnostic data and instructions to help astronauts troubleshoot and resolve issues.

Overall, repairing spacecraft in space requires careful planning, extensive training, and a combination of ingenuity and technology.