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Civil Disobedience Movement
How is Non Cooperation Movement different from Civil Disobedience Movement?
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In simple terms, the Non-Cooperation Movement and the Civil Disobedience Movement were two important movements during India’s struggle for independence against British rule. Here’s how they differ:
Non-Cooperation Movement:
- The Non-Cooperation Movement, led by Mahatma Gandhi, took place from 1920 to 1922.
- The aim was to peacefully protest against British rule by refusing to cooperate with British institutions and policies.
- People boycotted British-run schools, colleges, courts, and government offices.
- The movement emphasized non-violence and encouraged Indians to be self-reliant by promoting indigenous goods and industries.
- The movement gained significant support from the masses, including students, lawyers, and farmers.
- However, it was called off after a violent incident at Chauri Chaura in 1922, where protesters clashed with police and set a police station on fire. Gandhi believed that non-violence was being compromised and called off the movement.
Example: As part of the Non-Cooperation Movement, Indians boycotted British-made clothes and began spinning their own cotton thread, promoting the use of homemade clothes known as khadi.
Civil Disobedience Movement:
- The Civil Disobedience Movement, also led by Mahatma Gandhi, took place from 1930 to 1934.
- The goal was to challenge British laws and demand complete independence for India.
- People defied British laws by participating in peaceful protests, marches, and acts of civil disobedience.
- Indians refused to pay taxes, staged salt marches to protest the British monopoly on salt production, and organized peaceful demonstrations.
- The movement aimed to highlight the unjust nature of British rule and mobilize mass support.
- The Salt March, where Gandhi led a 240-mile journey to the sea to make salt, became a significant symbol of the movement’s defiance.
Example: During the Civil Disobedience Movement, Indians produced salt by evaporating seawater, openly defying the British monopoly on salt production and highlighting the unjust salt tax imposed by the British government.
In summary, the Non-Cooperation Movement focused on non-cooperation with British institutions and policies, while the Civil Disobedience Movement involved peaceful acts of defiance and disobedience against British laws. Both movements played crucial roles in India’s struggle for independence, with the Civil Disobedience Movement building upon the foundations laid by the Non-Cooperation Movement