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Grammar
How we use this, that, these and those in the sentence
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This, that and those are various pronouns that are used to indicate the presiding noun.
This is used to indicate a noun, verb, or object being currently referred to by the speaker, or in proximity to the speaker. Example: This is a beautiful vase. In this sentence, This is referring to the vase. It can also be used as a determiner. Example: What is this music you are listening to? referring to the music.
That is used to indicate a verb, noun, or object that has been mentioned or which is farther away from the speaker. Example: I’m going to grab that book over there. That refers to a book farther away from the speaker. That can also be used as a conjunction. Example: Did you get the book that I asked for yesterday? and can also be used as a demonstrative pronoun. What is that? referring to an unknown object.
While this and that refer to singular objects, Those is used when referring to plural objects. Example: Those flowers look pretty. Those indicate a plural amount of flowers. Those has a similar use as that of this and that, albeit for plural objects, nouns, and verbs.