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Rhizobium
What is Rhizobium and what is its importance ?
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Rhizobium is a diazotrophic, nonspore-forming rod shaped, motile, aerobic bacterium found in soil that helps in fixing atmospheric nitrogen in leguminous plants. It is a gram-negative bacteria that establish in the roots of the plants such as peas and pulses. It attaches to the roots of the leguminous plants and produces nodules .They fix nitrogen only inside the root nodules. These nodules fix atmospheric nitrogen and convert it into ammonia that can be used by the plant for its growth and development. Nodules may buried in soil even after harvesting -continue nitrogen fixation. Rhizobium and leguminous plants live in a symbiotic association with each other. Association provides food and shelter to bacteria and the bacteria supply fixed nitrogen to plant. Rhizobium is also a biofertilizer. biofertilizers are substances that contain microorganisms which when applied to the soil increases the nutrient content and enhance the plant growth.
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