During the Mughal Empire, several key crops were cultivated, reflecting both the agricultural diversity and economic importance of farming. The main crops included:

Rice: A staple food in many regions, particularly in the eastern parts of the empire.

Wheat: Grown extensively in the northern plains, it was a primary food source for people.

Barley: Commonly cultivated in various regions, often used for both human consumption and animal feed.

Cotton: A significant cash crop, important for the textile industry; the Mughal Empire was known for its high-quality cotton fabrics.

Sugarcane: Grown in abundance, it was processed into sugar and used in various forms in cooking.

Spices: Various spices, including cardamom, pepper, and saffron, were cultivated for their high value in trade.

Fruits and Vegetables: Crops like melons, pomegranates, and legumes were commonly grown.

These crops not only supported the local population but also contributed to the empire’s economy through trade.