During the Mughal Empire, which existed in the Indian subcontinent from the early 16th to the mid-19th century, several forms of transportation were prevalent. Some of the main forms of transportation during the Mughal period included:

Elephants: Elephants were a common mode of transportation for the Mughal aristocracy and military. They were used for ceremonial purposes, transportation, and in battles.

Horses: Horses were crucial for the Mughal military, nobility, and messengers. The Mughal emperors and their courtiers often rode horses for travel and during military campaigns.

Palanquins: Palanquins were enclosed carriages carried by porters. They were used by both men and women of the nobility for travel within cities and for short distances.

Camels: Camels were used for transportation in arid regions and were important for trade caravans traveling through desert areas.

Bullock Carts: Bullock carts were a common mode of transportation for the common people, used for both short and long-distance travel, as well as for carrying goods.

Boats and Ships: Waterways were important for transportation, and boats and ships were used for river travel and coastal trade. The Mughals built a network of waterways and utilized boats for transportation and trade.

Foot Travel: Walking was a primary mode of transportation for the majority of the population, especially in urban areas and rural regions.

Roads and Highways: The Mughal Empire had an extensive network of roads and highways connecting various parts of the empire, facilitating trade, communication, and travel.

These forms of transportation played essential roles in the functioning of the Mughal Empire, enabling the movement of people, goods, and military forces across the vast territories of the Indian subcontinent.