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SCIENCE
How do spacesuits work?
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1 Reply
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Spacesuits, or Extravehicular Mobility Units (EMUs), are sophisticated garments designed to protect astronauts in the harsh environment of space. Here’s how they work:
1. Protection from Extreme Temperatures
Thermal Control: Spacesuits have multiple layers with thermal insulation and reflectors to manage the extreme temperatures of space, ranging from -250°F (-157°C) in the shade to 250°F (121°C) in direct sunlight. The suit’s inner layers include a Liquid Cooling and Ventilation Garment (LCVG) filled with tubes carrying water to absorb and dissipate heat.
2. Life Support
Oxygen Supply: The suit contains a Primary Life Support System (PLSS) that provides oxygen for breathing and removes carbon dioxide. The oxygen supply is stored in tanks, while the carbon dioxide is scrubbed out using chemical filters.
Pressure Maintenance: The suit maintains a stable pressure to counteract the vacuum of space. It is pressurized to ensure that the astronaut’s body remains at a safe and stable pressure, preventing bodily fluids from boiling away.
3. Radiation Shielding
Radiation Protection: Spacesuits have layers of materials that offer some protection against harmful space radiation. While not entirely shielded from all radiation, the suit helps mitigate exposure from the sun and cosmic rays.
4. Mobility and Flexibility
Joint Articulation: The suit includes articulated joints and bearings to allow astronauts to move their arms, legs, and torso. This flexibility is crucial for conducting spacewalks and performing tasks outside spacecraft.
Umbilical Connection: For extended missions, the suit is connected to the spacecraft via an umbilical cord that supplies power, communication, and other support functions.
5. Communication
Communication Systems: The suit includes a built-in communication system with a radio transceiver and microphones, allowing astronauts to communicate with their team and mission control while outside the spacecraft.
6. Helmet and Visor
Helmet Protection: The helmet is equipped with a sun visor to protect the eyes from intense sunlight and micrometeoroids. It also features a gold-coated visor to shield against solar radiation.
7. Mobility and Maneuvering
Gloves and Boots: The suit’s gloves are designed to be flexible while providing dexterity for handling tools. The boots are reinforced for stability and protection on various surfaces.
8. Environmental Control
Ventilation: The suit has a ventilation system to circulate air and prevent overheating. This system also helps manage moisture and humidity within the suit.
Overall, spacesuits are complex and critical for ensuring the safety and functionality of astronauts during extravehicular activities. They combine advanced technology with practical design to handle the diverse and challenging conditions of space.
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