[Uma Devi]

The greenhouse effect refers to the process by which certain gases in the Earth’s atmosphere trap heat from the sun, leading to an increase in the Earth’s average surface temperature. These gases are known as greenhouse gases.

The primary greenhouse gases responsible for the greenhouse effect are:

1. Carbon dioxide (CO2): It is released through natural processes such as respiration and volcanic eruptions, but human activities such as burning fossil fuels (coal, oil, and natural gas), deforestation, and industrial processes have significantly increased CO2 levels in the atmosphere.

2. Methane (CH4): It is emitted during the production and transport of coal, oil, and natural gas. Other sources include livestock, agricultural practices, and the decay of organic waste in landfills.

3. Nitrous oxide (N2O): It is emitted from agricultural and industrial activities, as well as during the combustion of fossil fuels and solid waste.

4. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs): These synthetic compounds were commonly used in aerosol propellants, refrigerants, and solvents. However, due to their destructive impact on the ozone layer, they have been phased out under the Montreal Protocol. While they are not as prevalent as other greenhouse gases, they have a potent warming effect.