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Activity Discussion Science & Technology science Reply To: science

  • Manpreet

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    May 21, 2021 at 2:28 pm
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    A compound having carbon ( C ) and hydrogen (H) as its main components is known as a hydrocarbon.

    Hydrocarbons are:

    · Organic compounds

    · Can be classified on the basis of number of bonds – saturated and unsaturated

    · Can be classified as alkane, alkene, alkynes

    · These have a varied nature of melting and boiling points

    · These are, at times, gaseous in nature

    · These generally have weak odors

    Classification:

    [A] SATURATED HYDROCARBONS-

    These are composed only single bonds. Example- alkanes

    1. Alkanes-

    · These are simple hydrocarbons containing single bonds between adjacent carbons ( C – C)

    · The compounds are sp<sup>3 </sup>hybridized

    · These are simplest hydrocarbons

    · The general formula of alkanes is – C<sub>n</sub>H<sub>(2n+2) ; </sub>where n is the number of carbons

    [B] UNSATURATED HYDROCARBONS-

    Compounds having one or more double or triple bonds between the adjacent carbon atoms.

    1. Alkenes-

    · These contain at least one double bond

    · They are sp<sup>2 </sup>hybridized

    · Their general formula is – C<sub>n</sub>H<sub>2n</sub>

    · Example- butene, ethene, propene

    2. Alkynes-

    · These contain at least one triple bonds

    · They are sp hybridized

    · Their general formula is – C<sub>n</sub>H<sub>2n-2</sub>

    · Example- ethyne, propyne

    [C] CYCLO HYDROCARBONS

    These are ring compounds, i.e, they contain one or more rings of carbons. The hydrogen is also attached to the rings through carbon atoms.

    Example- cyclo propane


    [D] AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS:

    · Unsaturated hydrocarbons containing at least one ring aromatic structure.

    · These are also known as arenes

    · The simplest aromatic hydrocarbon is benzene


    This was the classification of hydrocarbons. I hope this helps you.

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