Last Emperor of Delhi Sultanate
Who was the last Delhi Sultanate? When was the First Battle of Panipat fought? Who won the fight, and what led to their victory?
Last Emperor of Delhi Sultanate
Ibrahim Lodi was the last emperor of the Delhi Sultanate. Five different dynasties came under the Delhi Sultanate. Those are
Mamluk dynasty(1206-1290)
Khalji dynasty(1290-1320)
Tughluq dynasty(1320-1413)
Sayyid dynasty(1414-1450)
Lodi dynasty(1451-1526)
Ibrahim Lodi belonged to the Lodi dynasty. He succeeded his father Sikandar Lodi to the throne but was not as skilled a ruler as his father. He faced multiple rebellions, and it was one of the major causes of the first battle of Panipat, which happened in 1526. Daulat Khan Lodi, the governor of Punjab under the Lodi dynasty, sent an invitation to Babur, a descendant of both Genghis Khan and Timur, who was already planning to conquer the Punjab since it was under Timur in the past. This initiated the end of the Lodi dynasty and the Delhi Sultanate. Once Babur set foot on Indian soil, he was not ready to go back. The Lodi army tried to send Babur away but in vain, which eventually resulted in the burning of Lahor by Babur and his army. Even though he, along with Daulat Khan, succeeded in besieging Ibrahim Lodi, Babur understood that his chances of winning the war were very narrow. This made Babur use the ‘Ottoman device’ in the battle. This made Babur’s army look smaller than its actual size, which led to the miscalculation in Ibrahim Lodi’s army. Babur made use of this opportunity and attacked Ibrahim Lodi with full force. Moreover, Babur had the advantage of having cannon, which helped to destroy the army and also to scare the elephants in the Lodi army. At the end of the first battle of Panipat, Ibrahim Lodi was killed, and Babur established his empire in India, which was a branch of the Timurid dynasty, called the Mughal Empire.
Please find a video on the same for detailed info: https://youtu.be/UNxy6KLU6bA
– Written By Aiswarya C V
Sultan Mahmud Shah Tughlaq was the last
king of Delhi Sultanate. This rule was known for instability and internal conflicts within the empire. Regional rebellions, the rise of local governors asserting their autonomy, and external threats from neighboring kingdoms. The empire began to decline, losing control over many territories, and its central authority weakened and finally led to the end of this empire.
About the second question, the Battle of Panipat was fought on January 14, 1761, and was a major confrontation between the Maratha Empire and the Durrani Empire led by Ahmad Shah Durrani, also known as Ahmad Shah Abdali. The Marathas, seeking to expand their influence, confronted the Afghan forces. Despite having a larger army, the Marathas suffered a crushing defeat due to a combination of factors such as strategic errors, lack of coordination, and the effective tactics of the Durrani forces. The battle resulted in heavy casualties and had a significant impact on the Maratha Empire’s decline and the consolidation of Afghan power in the region.
– Written By Samarth
The Mansab System was a way of organizing and managing the military and administration during the time of Akbar, a Mughal emperor in India. It worked like a ranking system for nobles, which determined their positions and responsibilities in the empire.
Imagine you’re playing a game where you have different levels or ranks. The Mansab System was similar but in real life. Each noble was given a rank called a “mansab” based on things like their military skills, loyalty, and how well they could handle administrative tasks.
These ranks were divided into two parts: zat and sawar. The zat rank showed a noble’s personal status or importance, while the sawar rank determined how many horsemen they were supposed to have for the army. Having a strong army was crucial for maintaining power and protecting the empire.
At first, these ranks were not fixed and could change depending on how well a noble did their job. But later, Akbar decided to make the ranks fixed and hereditary, meaning they would be passed down from one generation to the next in a noble’s family. This made things more stable and prevented constant changes in ranks.
The ranks were also classified into different categories, starting from the highest rank for the emperor and his family members and going down to lower ranks for other nobles. This made it clear who was more important and who had more power.
The Mansab System wasn’t just about the military. Akbar expanded it to include non-military positions like those in revenue administration and diplomacy. This meant that even if someone wasn’t a soldier, they could still have a rank and serve the empire in different ways.
To keep things in check, the emperor wanted to make sure that the nobles were doing their job properly. So, the nobles had to submit reports regularly, telling the emperor about things like the strength of their army and their expenses. This helped the emperor keep an eye on everything and make sure things were running smoothly.
In summary, the Mansab System was a way of ranking and organizing the military and administration under Akbar’s rule. It determined a noble’s position, their army size, and their responsibilities. It made sure everyone knew their place and helped the emperor keep control over the empire.
Here’s a video from a YouTube channel (in detail): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0gNVtGqG3NY
– Written By Aiswarya C V
The Mughal Emperor Bahadur Shah’s first reaction when the sepoys of Meerut stormed into the Red Fort was one of rejection and horror.
It was because the sepoys were in total defiance of normal court etiquette and had barged into the fort with such strong forces that Bahadur Shah feared that if he did not align with their wishes, the sepoys might turn against him too. Moreover, upon further revelations, he realised that all they needed was a “nominal” head of the rebellion. The last Mughal Emperor would not have to jump to the ground or practice mutinies, he had to just stand in support of the rebels. However, this meant that the British might turn against the emperor if he showed his faith lay with the rebels.
Yet, the emperor chose to defy that and felt that if he supported the mutinies of the rebels, he would be standing in support of his people, who, however inconsiderately, were here to seek his approval and to make him the nominal head of the rebellion.
Therefore, the rebellion was legitimised after the emperor assumed nominal leadership because of the sepoy’s efforts, and the first movement to drive out the British took place.
– Written By pranati
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