[Aashutosh]

Osmosis can be defined as the process by which the molecules of a solvent pass from a Low concentration solution to a solution of high concentration through a semi-permeable membrane. Any solvent can undergo the process of osmosis including gases and supercritical liquids.

[Aashutosh]

The major difference between blood and lymph is discussed below.

1. Lymph is a colourless fluid. Whereas blood is a reddish-colored fluid.

2. Lymph is part of the lymphatic system whereas blood is part of the circulatory system.

3. Lymph helps in body defense and is a part of the immune system. While blood is involved in the circulation of nutrients, hormones, oxygen and carbon dioxide, wastes, and other toxins.

4. Lymph is comprised of plasma and a lesser number of WBCs and platelets. Whereas blood contains plasma, RBCs, WBCs, and platelets.

5. Lymph carries less oxygen and digested food. Whereas blood carries more oxygen and digested food.

6. Lymph plasma lacks proteins. While Blood plasma consists of proteins, calcium, and phosphorus.

7. In lymph Nutrients are supplied from the cells, tissue to the blood, through lymphatic vessels. While in blood, Nutrients are supplied to different organs.

8. Lymph is very slow compared to blood. whereas Blood flows fast in the blood vessels.

9. In lymph, Clots slowly due to the presence of less fibrinogen. while In Blood, Clots quickly due to the presence of more fibrinogen.

10. The movement of lymph is in a single direction. While The movement of blood is in a circular motion.

The lymph is important in our body due to these functions:

1. Lymph supplies nutrients to the body.

2. It also removes metabolic wastes from the tissue cells.

3. It maintains the composition of tissue fluid.

4. It helps in invading the entry of pathogenic infections caused by microbes.

5. Lymph absorbs fat-soluble vitamins and other digested fats molecules from the small intestine through lymphatic vessels.

[Aashutosh]

Excretion is the process where all the unwanted wastes are removed from the body. In humans, it occurs in different body parts and carried through various internal organs.

A human body is a mysterious machine, where different life processes such as respiration, digestion, circulation, etc. occur simultaneously. Producing many waste products in our body in various forms that include water, carbon dioxide, and nitrogenous products like urea, ammonia, and uric acid, etc.

Moving on, the chemicals and other toxic compounds from medications and hormonal products are also produced which adds to these waste products. Simple diffusion is not sufficient to eliminate these wastes from our bodies. We need more complex and specific processes in order to eliminate waste products.

Blood contains both useful and harmful substances. And filtering the harmful substance is the function of the kidney. The kidneys separate useful substances by reabsorption and toxic substances by producing urine.

The kidney has a structural filtration unit called the nephron where the blood is filtered. Each kidney contains a million nephrons.

Kidney capillaries filter the blood and the essential substances like glucose, amino acids, salts, and the required amount of water get reabsorbed and the blood goes into circulation.

Nitrogenous waste and excess water are converted to urine in humans. Then urine thus produced is passed to the urinary bladder through the ureters. The urinary bladder is under the control of the Central Nervous System (CNS). The brain then signals the urinary bladder to contract and through the urinary opening called the urethra, we excrete the urine.

[Aashutosh]

You have already heard about Almonds. They are among the world’s most popular tree nuts.

Almonds are highly nutritious and rich in healthy fats. Antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals are some of its nutrients.

So, let’s discuss the health benefits of almonds that they provide to our different body parts.

1. As you know Almonds contain different nutrients and deliver them to our body in a massive amount. Fiber, Protein, Fat, Vitamin E, Manganese, Magnesium are some of the nutrients that almond contains.

2. Almonds are highly loaded with antioxidants which help to protect against stress, which can damage cell molecules and contribute to inflammation, aging and causes diseases like cancer.

3. Almonds are high in Vitamin E tend to build up in cell membranes in your body, protecting your cells from oxidative damage.

4. Almonds can Assist with blood sugar control which makes them perfect for diabetic people.

5. Magnesium also benefits blood pressure levels which reduces the risk of getting a heart attack, strokes, and kidney failure.

6. Almonds can lower cholesterol levels maintaining heart-related problems and reduces heart diseases.

7. Almonds also prevent harmful oxidation of LDL cholesterol in our blood which again reduced the risk of heart disease over time.

8. Eating almonds reduces hunger as well as lowering our overall calorie intake.

9. In studies it is found that almonds are effective for weight loss. It breaks down various nutrients thus helping us to digest better and lose weight.

[Aashutosh]

Resistance of a conductor can be defined as the opposition to the flow of charge provided by the conductor. Higher resistance results in less current flow and the material will be labeled as a bad conductor of heat and electricity. Two metals having very high resistance are tungsten and bismuth.

[Aashutosh]

A set of classes that together include all nouns is classified as gender. The most familiar sets of genders are of three classes as masculine, feminine, and neuter.
Masculine nouns refer to the male member of a species (i.e. man, boy, actor, horse, etc.)

Feminine nouns refer to female members of a species (i.e. woman, girl, actress, mare, etc.)

Common nouns refer to members of a species and don’t have specific gender (i.e. parent, friend, client, student, etc.)

Neuter nouns refer to things that have no gender (i.e. rock, table, pencil, etc.)

[Aashutosh]

Tranquility means in a state of peace or calm.

Some of the examples of the use of tranquility are given below:

1. They ate in silence then, enjoying the tranquility of mother natures’ work around them.

2. John’s tranquility steadied her, and she searched through the box.

3. They’re paying us for tranquility, not to witness your domestic problems, which should be handled in private, in a lawyer’s office.

4. It was located in an atmosphere of tranquility with a superb central location.

5. It had been a perfect day at a concert until the phone call came and tanked any semblance of tranquility into a mire of despair.

6. Tropical shower curtains are becoming popular focal points in many bathrooms, and decorating with a tropical theme lends a sense of tranquility to just about any room in your home.

7. In the practice of feng shui outdoor water features not only add a sense of calm and tranquility to the area, but also attract positive chi resulting in increased harmony, balance, and prosperity.

8. Knowing how to recognize the symptoms of stress, and following the techniques to reduce and reverse it, will not only improve your short-term symptoms but will also lengthen your life and bring calm and tranquility back into your mind.

9. Through her various applications, she offers customers tips on how to create harmony and tranquility in new environments (including workplaces), and even advises home sellers about selling their properties.

10. The tranquility is so wonderful you won’t want to leave.

11. Cabins are generally minimalist, with the highlight of each stateroom being the signature “Tranquility Bed” – a restful focal point with an extra-thick mattress, luxury sheets, down duvets, and abundant throw pillows.

[Aashutosh]

The proverb “There is no place like home” is certainly held true. There’s no one who has never felt a certain bond with a place in which they have lived. People get easily attached to where they live or we can call it home. There are many various opinions regarding a place called home and Let us discuss its main advantages.

Some people think that home is only a place to eat food, a shelter to sleep in, and a building to return from work. However, It’s not only that. Home is much more than a physical place, it makes a person feel secure and happy. The main reason for creating a positive psychological atmosphere is a particular place that can act like our refuge from all possible moral or physical disasters.

Another strong point regarding our home is that our home is generally our native land, a place or country in which our ancestors dwell or dwelt. It is very important because the roots of our nation always symbolize stability and a feeling of safety. In addition, we can easily create a cozy atmosphere when being at home in our native country and feel like an entire member of nowadays society. Otherwise, without our place to stay, we can never feel happy as being some kind of intruder to another’s personal space.

In conclusion, A house is made a home by the people which live in it and the emotions it contains. Home is always an incomparable place to spend our time as we never have to be accountable to someone. There will never be a better place than home because it is not only our native land, it is also your refuge, a place where our heart belongs.

[Aashutosh]

It won’t be wrong if I say that all of us are motivated by money. The only reason that we spend 8 to 10 hours working and breaking the sweat at the workplace is to earn money. Money doesn’t bring happiness, but not having enough money will definitely limit our happiness. Taking care of our basic needs is necessary in order to live. No one wants to be poor or live in poverty and no one will lend to the poor, that’s a fact.

Money does help us to lead a comfortable life. Money makes the impossible possible. It can provide us the best possible education. It also ensures that we get access to proper medical attention whenever we need it.

Having more money than we need is unlikely to increase our levels of happiness, but not having enough will definitely destroy our peace of mind.

There is always a limit to the amount of money that we can spend on ourselves or on the things we like. Still, the richest people have earned so much money that will never be used up in their lifetime. Still, they are not satisfied. They even want more. That is the lust for money. It never makes people satisfied. Those who don’t have it, want to have it. Those who have it, want to have even more of it. Unfortunately, running after the riches, we often forget to live. We forget to appreciate the little joys that make our lives worth living.

Having a lot of money is a big problem nowadays. It threatens our safety and right to live. Even makes us the target of burglars and thieves. The richest people can’t move around freely with their consent. They are always surrounded by their security guards and often live their entire lives in constant fear of getting attacked or looted.

To conclude, money can make us both happy as well as sad, but we still thrive to earn more. However, in our pursuit of gold, we must not lose our souls. True happiness comes from the conscience. Money has hardly anything to do with our happiness. Happiness comes from within.

[Aashutosh]

Pros of open book exam:

1.Open-book exams can rid rote learning, which is deeply established in the Indian education system. And they will fore student to learn analytical skills, students will be encouraged to be analytical & creative.

2. Memory-based exams only award the students that have a better memory. But Open-book exams can be a living legend for the students who know the concept.

3. At present, students are concentrating more on memorizing for exams rather than on conceptual understanding. But with the help of OBE students can peacefully learn concepts.

4. Open-book exams can improve the method of teaching and can also improve the quality of education.

5. It can also eliminate the fear of cheating & copying.

Cons of open-book exams:

1. With open-book exams, students may not focus much on their studies.

2. Evaluation in open-book exams is tough that might put even more pressure on students.

3. Fear of forgetting the content will be eliminated.

4. There are many coaching centers available out there that prepare students for various exams that provide model answers for all the concepts, which can be memorized. This can minimize the purpose of open-book exams.

5. Open-book exams may discourage students from memorizing even the basic things which constitute the basis of learning.

Challenges:

1. The lack of quality teachers in India will be a serious challenge in implementing the new way of teaching.

2. Training a large number of evaluators in the new evaluation method is big a challenge.

3. Students should be guided well to give open-book exams, otherwise, they may just copy what is in the textbook. A real challenge

[Aashutosh]

According to the quantum of electromagnetism, Planck’s constant is considered to be the physical constant that relates the energy carried by a single photon to its corresponding frequency. It is represented by h and is measured in J.s that is SI system and eV.s in the MKS system.

The value of Planck’s constant has a significant role in quantum mechanics.

A fundamental constant, equal to the energy of a quantum of electromagnetic radiation divided by its frequency is called the Planck constant.

Planck’s constant is used for explaining the behavior of particles and waves at an atomic level. Planck’s constant is one of the main causes for the development of quantum mechanics. It also used for measuring Planck length and Planck time.

The values of Planck’s Constant or value of h is given by:

h = 6.6260715×10-34 J.s

[Aashutosh]

Gas exchange in plants occurs through the stomata which are tiny pore-like openings present on the base of the leaf. Carbon dioxide is taken in through the stomata and oxygen is released into the atmosphere, the gases diffuse into intercellular spaces of the leaf through pores which are normally on the underside of the leaf stomata.

[Aashutosh]

Chlorophyll is found in all green plants that perform photosynthesis, including green plants, cyanobacteria, and algae. It absorbs energy from sunlight and this energy is converted from carbon dioxide to carbohydrates.

1. In addition to giving plants their green color, chlorophyll is vital for photosynthesis as it helps to channel the energy of sunlight into chemical energy.

2. Its main functions are photosynthesis and gas exchange. A leaf is usually flat so that it could absorb maximum sunlight and it’s thin so that the sunlight can reach the chloroplasts of the cells.

Chlorophyll is a pigment found in green plants. Chlorophyll occurs in several forms also. chlorophylls a and b are mostly found in higher plants and green algae. Similarly, chlorophylls c and d are often found in different algae. Moreover, chlorophyll e is a rare type found in some golden algae. In green plants, chlorophyll occurs in membranous disklike units in organelles called chloroplasts.

[Aashutosh]

The difference between metals and nonmetals are stated below:

1. Metals are malleable and ductile while non-metals are breakable.

2. Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity while non-metals are bad conductors of heat and electricity.

3. Metal is lustrous while non-metals are not lustrous.

4. Metals are always solid at room temperature. While Non-metals can be solid-gas or liquid at room temperature.

5. Metal forms oxides that are basic in nature. While Non-metals can be solid-gas or liquid at room temperature.

6. Metals can displace hydrogen from water and from diluted acid. While Non-metal do not react with water in any form or to acid.

7. Metals do not combine with hydrogen only a few metals have the capability to react to form ionic metal hydrides. Whereas Non-metals react with hydrogen to make covalent and stable bonds.

[Aashutosh]

We can predict the light wavelength that the material can absorb with the help of a bandgap. The transition of the electron into the conduction band is possible due to lower energy requirements, the narrow bandgap materials will absorb in the wide visible range of wave duration.

The variation is known as the bandgap or energy gap between the valence and conduction bands.

Due to increasing temperature, the band-gap energy of semiconductors continues to decrease. The amplitude of atomic motions changes as the temperature increases, resulting in greater interatomic spacing. The energy required to pass an electron from the valence band to the conduction band, the essential external energy, is equal to the prohibited energy difference.

Its unit is electron volt (eV).

Si (Silicon) has a bandgap of 1.12 eV.