[Huzaifa]

These are the key highlights of Emperor Ashoka’s achievements and the Mauryan Empire during his reign:

1. Spread Buddhism: Ashoka promoted Buddhism throughout his empire and beyond.
2. Rock Edicts and Pillars: Inscriptions on rocks and pillars conveyed Ashoka’s principles and policies.
3. Dhamma (Righteousness): Ashoka embraced ethical behavior, non-violence, and compassion.
4. Administrative Reforms: Improved governance, revenue collection, justice, and army.
5. Empire Expansion: Mauryan Empire reached its greatest territorial extent.
6. Ashoka’s Missions: Sent emissaries to spread Buddhism and establish diplomatic ties.

[Huzaifa]

Fat-soluble vitamins are special vitamins that can be stored in our body’s fat. There are four main fat-soluble vitamins:

1. Vitamin A: It helps us see better at night and keeps our skin healthy. It can be found in foods like carrots, sweet potatoes, and milk.

2. Vitamin D: It helps our bodies absorb calcium to make our bones strong. We can get it from sunlight and foods like fish and milk.

3. Vitamin E: It protects our body’s cells and helps us stay healthy. Nuts, seeds, and oils are good sources of vitamin E.

4. Vitamin K: It helps our blood clot if we get hurt and is good for our bones. Green leafy vegetables like kale and spinach have vitamin K.

These vitamins are different from others because our bodies can store them for later use. But we still need to eat a healthy diet to get enough of them.

[Huzaifa]

The human body is involved in various biological processes that are essential for its functioning and overall well-being. Here are some different biological processes of the human body:

1. Respiration: The process of breathing in oxygen and exhaling carbon dioxide. It involves the exchange of gases in the lungs and the transport of oxygen to body tissues.

2. Digestion: The process of breaking down food into simpler forms that can be absorbed and used by the body. It involves the mechanical and chemical breakdown of food in the digestive system.

3. Circulation: The movement of blood throughout the body, delivering oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and removing waste products. It is facilitated by the heart, blood vessels, and blood.

4. Excretion: The elimination of waste products produced by the body’s metabolic processes. This includes the removal of urine by the kidneys, elimination of solid waste through the intestines, and the release of sweat by the skin.

5. Reproduction: The process by which new individuals of the same species are produced. In humans, it involves the union of male and female reproductive cells (sperm and egg) and the development of offspring.

6. Hormonal Regulation: The control and coordination of various bodily functions through the release of hormones by glands such as the pituitary, thyroid, and adrenal glands. Hormones regulate processes like growth, metabolism, and reproduction.

7. Nervous System Functioning: The transmission of electrical signals through the nerves to coordinate and regulate body activities. It involves sensory perception, motor control, and the integration of information.

8. Immune Response: The body’s defense mechanism against pathogens (such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi) and other harmful substances. It involves the recognition, neutralization, and elimination of foreign invaders.

9. Metabolism: The sum of all chemical reactions that occur within the body to maintain life. It includes processes such as energy production, nutrient utilization, and waste elimination.

10. Cell Division and Growth: The process of cells dividing and multiplying to enable growth, repair, and maintenance of body tissues and organs.

These are just a few examples of the diverse biological processes that occur in the human body, all working together to ensure proper functioning and survival.

[Huzaifa]

You know how we use measuring tapes to measure how long something is? Well, some measuring tapes are made of a stretchy material like rubber. But using a rubber measuring tape can cause some problems.

One problem is that the rubber tape can stretch and change shape when we pull it to measure something. This makes it difficult to get the right measurement and know the exact distance.

Another problem is that rubber tapes are not very accurate. They can give different results each time we use them because they stretch differently. This means we might not get the same measurement if we try to measure the same thing again.

Also, the stretching of the rubber tape can be different in different places or at different times, which can make it hard for other people to understand and trust the measurements we tell them.

Lastly, the rubber tape doesn’t follow the same rules as other measuring tools, so it can be confusing when we try to compare our measurements with others or use standard units of measurement.

So, it’s better to use a measuring tape that is not made of rubber and is more solid and accurate. That way, we can be sure our measurements are correct and easier to understand for everyone.

[Huzaifa]

Gram Atomic Mass:
Gram atomic mass (also known as molar mass) refers to the mass of one mole of atoms of a particular element. It is expressed in grams. The gram atomic mass is obtained by summing up the atomic masses of all the atoms in a single molecule or formula unit of a substance. It is numerically equal to the relative atomic mass of an element expressed in grams.

Absolute Atomic Mass:
Absolute atomic mass refers to the mass of an individual atom of an element. It is usually expressed in atomic mass units (amu) or unified atomic mass units (u). The absolute atomic mass of an atom is determined by the sum of the masses of its protons, neutrons, and electrons. Since the mass of an electron is very small compared to protons and neutrons, it is often neglected when calculating the absolute atomic mass.

Example- Oxygen (O)

• Gram Atomic Mass: The gram atomic mass of oxygen is approximately 16 grams per mole. This means that one mole of oxygen atoms has a mass of 16 grams.
• Absolute Atomic Mass: The absolute atomic mass of an oxygen atom is approximately 16 atomic mass units (amu). This indicates that an individual oxygen atom has a mass of approximately 16 atomic mass units.

***In short the trick for it to remember while solving problems is that gram atomic mass is in grams whereas absolute atomic mass is in amu (their quantity remains same***