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In early 20th century, Calcutta was the capital city of India and Bengal was the hotspot of pro-independence activities with freedom fighters like Subash Chandra Bose, Khudiram Bose, Rabindranath Tagore, Pritilata Waddedar, Bipin Chandra Pal etc.

These accumulation of voices of freedom became an issue for the British authorities. In order to separate people, Britishers divided the state in two halves named West Bengal (Hindu majority) and East Bengal (Muslim majority). It was announced by Lord Curzon (viceroy of India) in July 1905 and implemented in October 1905. But the intent of Britishers was soon realized and the partition was undone 6 years later.

In 1911 British authorities shifted the capital city from Calcutta to Delhi.

Partition of Bengal again took place in 1947 with the formation of Pakistan. West Bengal was Under India and Eastern part was called East Pakistan (Pakistan was then known as West Pakistan). Later, East Pakistan was renamed as Bangladesh.