Member Soniya Sanyal
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The Mughal Empire declined during the first half of 18th century. The rulers lost their power and the empire was left only to a few square miles around the capital of Delhi. Delhi was also later captured by the Britishers and the Mughal emperor was made the pensioner of the foreign power. The stability of the Empire had been lost after the strong reign of Aurangzeb yet it continued to prevail because of its policies. The main reason for the decline of the Mughal rule is their in house fights.
The close relative and Sons of the ruler fought among themselves for power and money. Often the ruler what imprisoned and tortured by his own sons. Also due to this in house fight outsiders tried to take the advantage. They tried to seize the power from the Mughal princes and administer the Empire freely. Also the Mughal policies with their contemporary Hindu rulers was not very tolerable. This led to a large number of wars between them and therefore the mughal empire succumbed due to lack of funds and also, recruiting a strong army and paying salaries was getting difficult for the mughal rulers.
The last mughal emperor bahadur shah zafar, was declared as the leader of 1857 revolt but his lack of leadership skills and also the lack of a good trained army and weapons made him loose the control of delhi. And with this blow mughal empire officially came to an end.
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A volcano is an opening or rupture in the earth’s crust through which lava, volcanic ash, and gases escape out of the earth’s crust. Beneath a volcano, liquid magma containing dissolved gases rises through cracks in the Earth’s crust. As the magma rises, pressure decreases, allowing the gases to form bubbles.
Volcanic activities have a profound influence on the Earth’s landforms. Solid liquid or gaseous material may find their way to the surface from some deep-seated Reservoir beneath. Molten magma is mobile rock that forces its way into the plains of weakness of the crust to escape quietly or exclusively to the surface.
The ancient greeks believed that volcanic eruptions occurred when vulcan the God of The Underworld stroked his subterranean furnace beneath the volcano, an island in Sicily from where the present word volcano is derived.
Geologist and volcanologist have confirmed that volcanic activity is closely connected with the Crustal disturbances particularly where there are zones of weakness due to the deep faulting or mountain folding.
As the depth of the earth increases the temperature also increases. The interior of the earth is in semi molten state comprising of solid liquid and gases materials which are very hot and are collectively called magma.
The Magma is very hot and heavily charged with the gases such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen etc. The gas and vapour increases the mobility and explosiveness of the magna which cause the volcanic eruption. These materials are then admitted to the vent of a volcano during the eruption.
Volcanoes are located in a clearly defined pattern around the World and are closely related to the regions that have been intensively folded or faulted. Therefore folding or faulting of region is one of the main reasons that cause the eruption of volcano.
Examples of active volcano which erupted in the recent years are Mount pelee, Mount Krakatau etc.
Different types of volcanoes have different types of lavas. Some have acid lavas while others have basic lavas. This composition of lava determines the amount of damage the volcanic eruption will produce.
Acid lavas are highly viscous and cause less damage whereas basic lavas are the hottest and highly fluid and cause widespread damage to life and property.
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Human nutrition is accomplished by the foods we consume. Digestion is a critical step for our bodies to operate properly.We humans digest our food with the help of a specialized digestive system.Water and nutrients from meals are absorbed and then used up in the body during digestion, providing body with energy to accomplish tasks. Even the functioning of our body’s organs necessitates the use of energy. The digestive system is in charge of the process by which food enters our bodies and then passes through numerous organs to be digested. Salivary glands, mouth, oesophagus, stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus are among the organs and glands that make up the digestive system.The initial component of food that we eat enters our mouth and is mixed with saliva, after which it is chewed with the aid of teeth and passed into the food canal or oesophagus which helps in transportation of the food to the stomach. The food is then delivered into the stomach, where it is digested with the help of various digestive juices secreted by the pancreas, liver etc. The food then passes through the small intestine. Carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids are completely digested with the help of secretions from the liver and pancreas. The food is used to obtain energy, build nutritious tissues, and repair all tissues. The food is then sent to the large intestine to absorb the remaining water and minerals, and the waste is excreted through the anus.
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An interview is a method of gathering information from a person by having them respond to questions orally.In other terms, it is a face-to-face dialogue between an interviewer and an interviewee in which the interviewer solicits responses from the interviewee in order to select a possible human resource. This helps the interviewer access the candidate for his future job role, whether he/she is capable to do it. Some important points to keep in mind while going for an interview are-
On-time arrival –
It is critical to get at the location within five minutes. When an interviewee is late, it leaves an unfavourable impression on the interviewer. As a result, arriving at the location in under a minute is critical.Find out where the venue is located and how long it will take you to get there. Arrive at least half an hour early.
You should know something about the company before going to an interview. Candidates who are unfamiliar with the firm may do poorly. This gives the interviewer an impression of the candidates’ analytical abilities. Choose a well-fitting, clean, and ironed outfit.
Prpare all of your paperwork, such as your CV, Aadhar card, mark sheets, and other relevant paperwork, so that you can provide them with them if they ask for them.
Speaking with confidence-
Regardless of whether it is correct or incorrect, the person must be self-assured and bold.
Even if it is incorrect, the person must speak boldly and confidently.
This provides the interviewer a positive, rather than a negative, impression.
Another important item to consider before going to an interview is to prepare. Always be prepared with general questions and answers like what do you expect from this job , tell us something about yourself, where do you see yourself in 5 years, questions about your background, education and hobbies. Try to answer honestly rather than faking it.
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The joint family structure, like every other social arrangement, has pros and cons. Many people, however, emphasized the value of a combined family. Even in this era of nuclear families, the joint family system still exists and is significant.
A child raised in a joint family knows to live collectively, appreciate others, and is always surrounded by people with whom they can communicate, play, and exchange their thoughts and experiences, whereas a child raised in a nuclear family would become lonely not all of us can live in such a quiet environment. Kids who grow up with cousins, uncles, aunts, and grandparents have the chance to establish close ties with all of them. Especially the link that practically every youngster has with their grandparents. This is one of the most important qualities of a combined home.
Living in a joint family encourages you to respect your elders and younger siblings, as well as to coexist peacefully with one another, which is essential for a happy existence. We should encourage families to live together in the future.A large family functions as a cohesive unit, especially when it comes to household tasks such as cooking and cleaning. Family members get together to guarantee that duties are completed on time, if not ahead of schedule. In a nutshell, no one in the family experiences work-related stress.
For monthly bills, all working family members donate to the household fund. As a safety net, this mechanism is also in place. When a member loses a job or loses his or her employment, others band together to guarantee that his or her basic necessities are met.There really is no concept of privacy in a joint family, and it is hard to manage a private existence without the engagement of someone else.
Residing in a joint family can be absolutely exhausting since there are more opportunities for family members to get embroiled in pointless conflicts based on misunderstandings and rivalry.
In simple words, a nuclear family consists of a father, mother, and their children. A nuclear family is also a self-contained unit, free of the influence of relatives and elders. There is a deterioration in the relationship between family members.Disputes are unavoidable in any household or residence; they are an inevitable part of life. But nevertheless, because the proportion of people in a nuclear family is smaller than in a joint family, there is a chance of fewer conflicts.Because there are fewer people in a nuclear family, expenses may be lower.In contrast to a joint family, there is no sharing of duty in a nuclear family.Parents must bear responsibility of their children on the whole.The family’s head of household must work hard in order to provide for his family. The importance of peace and wealth in a happy family relationship cannot be overstated.Misunderstandings are guaranteed to occur in every family; but, because the number of individuals in a nuclear family is smaller, there is a chance that misunderstandings will be reduced. Women also have time to organise and manage their homes and follow their own methods and will according to their own ideas. There is no fear of interference from the relatives or elders.
But there are many disadvantages also.Since they reside apart, the ancestral assets are distributed among the children, resulting in financial losses. Because both the husband and the wife work, the children often feel abandoned and crave for emotional assistance .They may feel emotionally lonely and anxious.Working parents may be too busy in their hectic schedule to spend enough time with their children, resulting in youngsters following the incorrect direction.Individuals who do not have the opportunity to engage with other family members often tend to become socially awkward and cut off. One of the major drawbacks of the nuclear family is the feeling of being alone.
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In simple words, a nuclear family consists of a father, mother, and their children. A nuclear family is also a self contained unit, free of the influence of relatives and elders. There is a deterioration in the relationship between family members.Disputes are unavoidable in any household or residence; they are an inevitable part of life. But nevertheless, because the proportion of people in a nuclear family is smaller than in a joint family, there is a chance of fewer conflicts.Because there are fewer people in a nuclear family, expenses may be lower.In contrast to a joint family, there is no sharing of duty in a nuclear family.Parents must bear responsibility of their children on the whole.The family’s head of household must work hard in order to provide for his family. The importance of peace and wealth in a happy family relationship cannot be overstated.Misunderstandings are guaranteed to occur in every family; but, because the number of individuals in a nuclear family is smaller, there is a chance that misunderstandings will be reduced.
Women also have time to organise and manage their homes according to their own ideas. There will be no pressure from the elders.Because they reside apart, the ancestral assets are distributed among the children, resulting in financial losses.
Because both the husband and the wife work, the children often feel abandoned.
They may feel emotionally lonely and anxious.
Working parents may be too busy to spend enough time with their children, resulting in youngsters growing in the incorrect direction.
Individuals who do not have the opportunity to engage with other family members may become socially isolated.
One of the major drawbacks of the nuclear family is the feeling of being alone.
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In slash-and-burn strategy a swidden is a field created by chopping and incinerating vegetation in a forest or woodland. Cutting down trees and woody plants in an area is the first step in the procedure. The destroyed vegetation, known as “slash,” is then allowed to dry, generally just before the rainy season begins. The debris is then charred, leaving in a nutrient-rich layer of ash that fertilises the soil while also eradicating weed and insect populations momentarily. Due to nutrient depletion and weed and pest invasion, the plot’s output declines after three to five years, prompting the farmers to quit the field and relocate to a new location.A swidden’s recovery time varies by region and can range from five to twenty years, after which the plot can be chopped and burnt again, resuming the process. The practise is known as jhum in Bangladesh and India.
Slash-and-burn agriculture is a sort of shifting cultivation in which peasants migrate from one cultivable region to the other on a regular basis. Slash-and-burn is used by 200 million to 500 million people globally, according to estimates. Slash-and-burn deforestation is a short-term solution. Farmers benefit from the ashes of burned trees because they provide nutrients to the soil. For enormous human populations, the methodology isn’t sustainable.
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No, it’s not true. Gravitational attraction does not extend past galaxy clusters. Only the edge of each gravity group is affected by gravity. Spacetime then ceases to function like gravity. It’s not that as you leave a galaxy group, a star’s gravitational attraction becomes too weak to notice. Rather, outside of the galaxy group, the gravitational force vanishes totally. It stretches as far as the earth’s age in light-years. And that’s before you factor in the numerous things that eventually merged to form the earth. As a result, the earth’s gravitational field is about a sphere with a radius of 4.5 billion light-years.
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The status of Father of Physics is not bestowed on a single person. The Fathers of Physics are Isaac Newton, Albert Einstein, and Galileo Galilei. Physics is a discipline of science concerned with the investigation of natural events that occur naturally. Humans have all acknowledged the importance of natural events such as fire and the wheel. So, though there is no straightforward solution to this issue, if we look at some of the most massive modifications made by individuals, there are three scientists whose discoveries have greatly aided humans in comprehending natural phenomena in the universe.
Albert, Einstein
He is often referred to as the “Father of Modern Physics.” Albert Einstein is a mathematician and physicist who made numerous contributions to the fields of mathematics and physics. The general theory of relativity, the mass-energy equivalency equation (e=mc2), and Einstein’s revelation of the photoelectric effect are the most prominent of Einstein’s accomplishments.
Galileo Galilei was a scientist who lived in the 16th century.
Galileo’s contributions to observational astronomy were significant. His study on the motion of bodies, both theoretically and experimentally, aided in the development of essential physics concepts. Among his achievements are the telescopic affirmation of Venus’s phases, the discovery of Jupiter’s four largest moons (Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto), and the discovery of sunspots.
Newton, Issac
He is referred to as the “Father of Physics.” Newton is best known for his law of gravitation and three laws of motion. He was one of the finest mathematicians and scientists of all time. His principles underpin a number of significant concepts and formulas in physics. His contributions to physics have shaped our knowledge of engineering, mechanics, and the cosmos as a whole, among several other disciplines.
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Human nutrition is accomplished by the foods we consume. Digestion is a critical step for our bodies to operate properly. Water and nutrients from meals are absorbed and then used up in the body during digestion, providing body with energy to accomplish tasks. Even the functioning of our body’s organs necessitates the use of energy. The digestive system is in charge of the process by which food enters our bodies and then passes through numerous organs to be digested. Salivary glands, mouth, oesophagus, stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus are among the organs and glands that make up the digestive system.The initial component enters our mouth and is mixed with saliva, after which it is cured with the aid of teeth and passed into the food canal or oesophagus. The food is then delivered into the stomach, where it is digested. The food then passes through the small intestine. Carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids are completely digested with the help of secretions from the liver and pancreas. The food is used to obtain energy, build nutritious tissues, and repair all tissues. The food is then sent to the large intestine to absorb water, and the waste is excreted through the anus.
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Rabindranath Tagore, sometimes addressed as Bhanu Singha Thakur (Bhonita), was born in Calcutta on May 7, 1861. Tagore was a writer, dramatist, philosopher, artist, and musician whose work reflects society. In 1913, he became the first non-European to be awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature. Rabindranath Tagore has been the only individual whose compositions have been adopted as national anthems in 2 countries: India (Jana Gana Mana) and Bangladesh (Amar Sonar Bangla). Tagore’s writings, which are still significant now, serve as a guide to all students.<div>Tagore was a Bengali polymath who excelled in many fields, including poetry, writing, playwriting, composition, philosophy, social change, and painting. With Conceptual Modernist architecture in the early 20th century centuries, he altered Bengali literature and culture as well as Indian art. He was the first non-European to win the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1913, for his work Gitanjali, which was “tremendously sympathetic, new, and exquisite poetry.” Tagore, a Bengali Brahmin from Calcutta with aristocratic ancestors from Burdwan and Jessore, began writing poems at the age of eight. Under the nickname Bhnusiha (“Sun Lion”), he published his first significant poetry at the age of sixteen, which were retrieved by literary authorities.</div><div>
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Drosophila of the Plant Kingdom is Arabidopsis thaliana. It’s a dicot weed, a tiny angiosperm. It is utilised as a model organism for study in plant biology, genetics, and molecular biology because of its small size, fewer chromosomes, quicker growth, and self-fertilization. It is the first plant whose genome has been sequenced from start to finish. It’s also known as mouse-ear cress, wall cress, or thale cress. The short size of this plant’s genome is a significant advantage in genetic studies.
A large number of mutant variations have also been discovered.It stands between 20 and 25 centimetres tall. It is a member of the mustard family.
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Stomata are the openings in plants that allow gases to pass through. Each stomata is encircled by two guard cells, each of which contains chloroplasts. Each stoma has a respiratory opening, and the process of opening and closing stomata is dependent on the availability of carbs and sugar in the guard cells.Stomata typically open in the mornings as sunlight touches the leaves and close at night. Changes in the turgor of the guard cells are the direct cause. Each guard cell’s inner wall is strong and flexible. The thin outer walls stretch out and press the inner walls into a crescent shape when turgor develops within the two guard cells bordering each stoma. The stoma is now open. When the guard cells lose their turgor, the stoma closes as the elastic inner walls revert to their previous shape.
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Phrasal verbs are action-oriented phrases. In spoken English and casual writing, they are commonly employed.A phrasal verb is a verbal or syntactic unit composed of a combination of two or three words from distinct word classes – a verb and a particle, such as an adverb or a preposition – to produce a single meaningful unit. Run into, and sit up are some examples. They number in the tens of thousands and are used on a daily basis. These semantic units must be comprehended as a whole, not just by looking at the meanings of the individual pieces.
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Practical skills and experience are very important for a person because it helps them to survive in the real world where theory helps just a little. Numerous degrees are based on talent and expertise. Practical experience must be backed up by theoretical understanding in these skill-based subjects. Teaching and engineering are both professions that need a high level of skill. In some fields, practical knowledge is more important than theoretical comprehension. Practical work includes laboratory experiments, study visits, projects, and assignments. Practical labour has unrivalled advantages.Theoretical information is useless until students can use it in real-life situations. Concentration, persistence, teamwork, organisation, interaction, and decision-making are just a few of the essential soft skills instilled through real working experience. Employers will be on the lookout for these attributes in candidates, and documentation will be required. If you worked as a team leader for a month or as a content writer for a month at any business, you can use the leadership traits, collaborative experience, and problem-solving skills you obtained there to strengthen your candidacy.
Working allows you to build a network and establish connections in your chosen field. When it comes to finding out about employment openings and interesting stories, Employment allows you to build a connection and make relationships in your desired career. These networks may be really beneficial when it comes to learning about job openings and exciting opportunities. If your boss is impressed with your performance, he or she may give you a full-time position or even an appraisal and recommendation letter.