[Shamida Shami]

Electricity plays an indispensable role in our day-to-day lives, permeating almost every aspect of modern living. Its impact on society, technology, and comfort is profound, shaping the way we work, communicate, entertain, and perform daily tasks.

First and foremost, electricity powers our homes, providing essential energy for lighting, heating, and cooling. It enables us to operate appliances, from refrigerators and stoves to washing machines and televisions, simplifying our domestic chores and improving our quality of life. It powers our electronic devices, such as smartphones, laptops, and tablets, keeping us connected and informed.

In the workplace, electricity is essential for productivity. Offices, factories, and businesses rely on a steady supply of electrical power to operate machinery, run computers, and facilitate communication systems. It drives industries, enabling mass production, transportation, and innovation.

Electricity also revolutionized communication. It fuels the infrastructure of telecommunication networks, allowing us to make phone calls, access the internet, and engage in video conferences. It powers devices like routers, modems, and cell towers, connecting us globally and facilitating instant information exchange.

Transportation has been transformed by electricity as well. Electric vehicles are becoming increasingly prevalent, offering a more sustainable and energy-efficient mode of transportation, reducing dependence on fossil fuels, and mitigating environmental impacts.

Renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind power, are harnessed to generate electricity, reducing our reliance on non-renewable resources and contributing to a greener future.

In summary, electricity is the lifeblood of modern society. Its influence on our day-to-day lives is vast and far-reaching. From powering our homes, enabling communication, driving technological advancements, and facilitating transportation, electricity has become an indispensable part of our existence, enhancing convenience, efficiency, and overall well-being.

[Shamida Shami]

Darwin’s theory, also known as the theory of evolution, proposes that species evolve over time through a process of gradual changes and adaptations. It explains how different species develop and adapt to their environments.

The key concept in Darwin’s theory is natural selection. According to Darwin, individuals within a population possess variations in traits, and some of these variations provide a reproductive advantage in their specific environment. Individuals with advantageous traits are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing on these favorable traits to their offspring. Over successive generations, these beneficial traits become more prevalent in the population, leading to the gradual evolution of species.

Imagine you have a group of birds living on an island. Some birds have long beaks, while others have short beaks. They all need to eat seeds to survive. The island they live on has different types of seeds, some large and some small.

Now, let’s say that due to a change in the environment, there is a shortage of large seeds, but plenty of small seeds available. The birds with long beaks are better at eating the small seeds because their beaks can reach them easily. As a result, they have an advantage and can find more food, survive, and reproduce.

Over time, the birds with long beaks have more babies that inherit their long beaks. These babies grow up and have their own babies with long beaks. On the other hand, birds with short beaks struggle to find enough food and may not survive or have as many babies.

This process is called natural selection. It’s like nature picking the birds with the best traits for the environment. Eventually, most of the birds on the island will have long beaks because they are better adapted to the available food.

Darwin’s theory of evolution suggests that over many generations, small changes can add up, leading to the development of new species. It’s like a slow and gradual transformation. Just as the birds on the island changed over time, so did all the different plants and animals on Earth.

This theory helps us understand why there is such a great diversity of life on our planet. From tiny insects to mighty elephants, we all have a common ancestor, and through natural selection, we have adapted to different habitats and ways of life.

So, Darwin’s theory of evolution tells us that living things change and adapt over time, and it helps us explain the incredible variety of life we see around us today.

[Shamida Shami]

Under Akbar, the Mir Bakshi was responsible for overseeing the imperial household and the administration of the military. The position of Mir Bakshi was a significant one in the Mughal Empire and held great influence and authority.

The Mir Bakshi was in charge of managing and organizing the Mughal army. They were responsible for recruitment, training, and deployment of troops. The Mir Bakshi worked closely with the emperor to maintain an efficient and powerful military force. They would oversee the appointment and promotion of military officers, as well as the distribution of salaries and provisions to soldiers.

Additionally, the Mir Bakshi played a crucial role in maintaining the emperor’s court and managing the imperial household. They were responsible for supervising the administration of the royal court, including the reception of nobles, officials, and foreign envoys. The Mir Bakshi would also handle the distribution of honors, titles, and rewards to the nobility based on their services to the empire.

Furthermore, the Mir Bakshi acted as an intermediary between the emperor and the rest of the administrative structure. They would receive reports from various provinces and officials and present them to the emperor. The Mir Bakshi had the authority to recommend appointments, transfers, and dismissals of officials within the empire.

In summary, under Akbar’s reign, the Mir Bakshi held the responsibility of managing the military affairs, overseeing the imperial household, and assisting in the administration of the Mughal Empire. Their role encompassed the organization and command of the army, maintenance of the royal court, and serving as a liaison between the emperor and the administrative structure.

[Shamida Shami]

The first declaration of war in World War I was made by Austria-Hungary. On July 28, 1914, Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia. The immediate cause for this declaration was the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, the heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, by a Serbian nationalist on June 28, 1914, in Sarajevo, Bosnia.

The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand served as a catalyst for the tensions that had been brewing in the region. Austria-Hungary saw the assassination as an act of aggression and an opportunity to assert its authority over Serbia. In its declaration of war, Austria-Hungary presented a list of demands to Serbia, which included the suppression of anti-Austrian groups and allowing Austrian authorities to investigate the assassination.

However, the underlying causes for Austria-Hungary’s decision to declare war on Serbia were rooted in complex political and nationalist dynamics. Austria-Hungary aimed to maintain its influence in the Balkans and prevent the rise of Serbian nationalism, which posed a threat to its multi-ethnic empire. The Austro-Hungarian government also had the backing of its ally, Germany, which encouraged and supported its actions.

As for the Ottoman Empire, its entry into World War I occurred on the side of the Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy). The Ottoman Empire’s decision to join the war was primarily driven by strategic interests and a desire to reclaim lost territories.

The Ottoman Empire had been experiencing a period of decline and territorial losses prior to the war. It sought to regain control over territories in the Balkans and the Middle East. The empire’s leaders, known as the Young Turks, saw an opportunity to strengthen their position by aligning with the Central Powers.

In October 1914, the Ottoman Empire entered the war by launching an attack on Russian ports in the Black Sea. The empire’s entry into the conflict brought the war to the Middle East and resulted in the famous Gallipoli Campaign, where Allied forces attempted to secure control of the Dardanelles Strait and gain access to Constantinople (now Istanbul).

The Ottoman Empire’s involvement in the war had significant consequences, including the Armenian Genocide, the reshaping of borders in the Middle East through the Sykes-Picot Agreement, and the eventual collapse of the empire itself.

In summary, Austria-Hungary made the first declaration of war in World War I due to the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand and its desire to assert control over Serbia. The Ottoman Empire joined the war to pursue its own strategic interests and reclaim lost territories.

[Shamida Shami]

Bhagat Singh’s hunger strike in jail holds immense significance in the context of the Indian independence movement. During his imprisonment in 1929, Bhagat Singh initiated a hunger strike to protest against the inhumane treatment of political prisoners by the British colonial authorities. The hunger strike was a powerful form of protest employed by Bhagat Singh and his comrades against the British colonial rule. This act of defiance had several far-reaching impacts on both the public sentiment and the trajectory of the independence movement.

Firstly, Bhagat Singh’s hunger strike brought attention to the plight of political prisoners and their demand for better treatment and rights. By subjecting his own body to extreme conditions, he drew attention to the oppressive conditions faced by those fighting for independence. The hunger strike garnered widespread sympathy and support from the Indian populace, further galvanizing the nationalist sentiment against the British.

Secondly, Bhagat Singh’s hunger strike highlighted the determination and sacrifice of the freedom fighters. It demonstrated their unwavering commitment to the cause of independence, inspiring a generation of young Indians to join the struggle. His act became a symbol of resistance and served as a rallying point for nationalists across the country.

Furthermore, the hunger strike exposed the repressive nature of the British colonial administration. The government’s response to the strike, including force-feeding Bhagat Singh, drew international attention and criticism. This shed light on the oppressive tactics employed by the British authorities and helped in building support for the independence movement at the global level.

Additionally, Bhagat Singh’s hunger strike had a profound impact on the strategies and ideologies of the Indian independence movement. It emphasized the significance of non-cooperation and civil disobedience as powerful tools for challenging colonial rule. The strike highlighted the willingness of freedom fighters to sacrifice their own lives for the cause of independence, which further fueled the spirit of resistance and unity among the Indian people.

Ultimately, Bhagat Singh’s hunger strike, although not achieving its immediate demands, played a crucial role in mobilizing public opinion and invigorating the struggle for independence. It contributed to the growth of revolutionary fervor and laid the groundwork for future movements that eventually led to the end of British colonial rule in India.

In conclusion, Bhagat Singh’s hunger strike in jail was a watershed moment in the Indian independence movement. It symbolized the indomitable spirit of the freedom fighters and their unwavering commitment to the cause. The strike served as a catalyst for mobilizing public support, exposing the repressive nature of British rule, and shaping the strategies of the nationalist movement. Its impact reverberated far beyond its immediate context, leaving an enduring legacy in the history of India’s struggle for freedom.

[Shamida Shami]

Initially, Sarah’s bag has 30% red marbles and 70% blue marbles.

This means that if there were 100 marbles in total, 30 of them would be red and 70 would be blue.

Sarah adds 20 more red marbles to the bag.

the total number of red marbles becomes 30 + 20 = 50.

The total number of marbles initially was 100, but after adding 20 more red marbles,

the total number of marbles becomes 100 + 20 = 120.

So, out of the 120 marbles, we have 50 red marbles and the remaining 120 – 50 = 70 marbles are blue.

proportion of red marbles is calculated by the number of red marbles divided by the total number of marbles.

that is, 50/120

To express this as a percentage, we can calculate the proportion of red marbles by dividing the number of red marbles by the total number of marbles and then multiplying by 100.

Proportion of red marbles = (number of red marbles / total number of marbles) * 100

= (50 / 120) * 100

= 41.67%

proportion of blue marble is 100-41.67=58.33

Therefore, after adding 20 more red marbles, the new proportion of red marbles to blue marbles in the bag is approximately 41.67% red marbles and 58.33% blue marbles.

[Shamida Shami]

Dividing any number by zero is not possible because it leads to a problem in mathematics. Any number is not divisible by zero because division is defined as the process of distributing or partitioning a quantity into equal parts. However, dividing any non-zero number by zero leads to an undefined result. Let’s try to understand why any number is not divisible by zero using a simple example:

Let’s say we have 10 cookies and we want to share them equally among 0 friends. We cannot divide the cookies among zero friends because there are no friends to share them with. So, we cannot determine how many cookies each friend would get because there are no friends.

Similarly, in mathematics, when we divide a number by zero, we are trying to distribute or share that number among zero parts, which doesn’t make sense. It’s like trying to divide something among nothing. Since there is no specific answer to this situation, we say that any number divided by zero is undefined.

If we were to allow division by zero, it would lead to contradictions and inconsistencies. It would violate fundamental principles and properties of arithmetic, such as the distributive property and the existence of multiplicative inverses.

So, to avoid confusion and ensure that mathematical operations are meaningful and consistent, we say that any number is not divisible by zero.
Hope you understand.

• This reply was modified 1 year, 10 months ago by  Shamida Shami.