[Aashutosh]

Igneous rocks: Igneous rocks are the rocks that are formed from an originally hot molten material, through the various process of cooling and crystallization are termed igneous rocks. Igneous rocks are supposed to form after the crystallization and consolidation of magma or lava.

Purpose:

1. Different types of granites are used for geological studies.

2. Diorite is used in buildings as decorative stones and also as aggregate.

3. Andesite is used in buildings as decorative stones and in the paint industry.

Sedimentary Rocks: The pre-existing rocks on the Earth’s surface are eroded continually by natural processes. The sediments that are produced get transported by the natural agencies to the basins where they are deposited, get compacted and consolidated, over a long period of time, and transform into a cohesive solid mass. These solid’s mass is called sedimentary rocks.

Purpose:

1. Sandstones are the ideal rock for groundwater and oil reservoirs.

2. Shale is used to manufacture bricks and tiles.

3. Limestones are the primary source of lime for cement. Cement is considered one of the basic construction materials.

Metamorphic rocks: Metamorphic rocks form from pre-existing igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks under the conditions of high temperature and pressure. The original texture, composition, and mineralogy of the parent rocks get changed in the new physicochemical and/or tectonic conditions. The process that causes this change is called metamorphism and the resultant rock is called metamorphic rock.

Purpose:

1. Metamorphic rocks are an important source of building materials. Marble is commonly used as a decorative building stone since prehistoric times.

2. White marble is particularly prized as a stone from which to create monuments and statues, such as the famous Taj Mahal.

3. Slate is very useful in building material and finds application in roof tiles, floor tiles, pool tables, blackboards, etc.

[Aashutosh]

A dry cell is the type of electric battery that is generally used as a portable electronic device. This battery is a device that compromises one or more electrochemical cells that convert chemical energy into electrical energy. It is developed by the German scientist Carl Gassner in 1886 following the development of wet zinc-carbon batteries that is invented by Georges Leclanche in 1866.

Nowadays, dry cell batteries are the most commonly used, which vary from large flashlight batteries to Lazor batteries and are mostly used in wristwatches or calculators.

A dry cell is a type of electrochemical cell made up of low moisture immobilized electrolytes in the form of a paste, which restricts it from flowing. Thus, it is easily portable.

Dry cells can be classified as primary cells and secondary cells. A primary cell is a cell that can neither reusable nor rechargeable. Once the electrochemical reactions are exhausted then it will consume all the chemical reagents. Therefore they cannot produce more electricity. On the other hand, a secondary cell is a rechargeable cell that can be recharged by using battery charges, to regenerate the chemical reactions.

The function of a dry cell is to produce energy. As we know its battery contains electrochemical cells that can store chemical energy and convert it to electrical energy. So, a dry-cell battery stores that energy in an immobilized electrolyte paste, which minimizes the need for water and produces energy.

Some examples are:

1. Primary cells: Zinc Carbon Cells, Alkaline Battery, Mercury Cell, Silver oxide cell, etc.

2. Secondary Cell: 1. Nickel-cadmium cell (NiCd cell), Lithium-ion cell, Nickel-metal hydride cell, etc.

[Aashutosh]

Elements that give off alpha particles, beta particles, and gamma particles as radiation when they disintegrate are called radioactive elements. All elements whose atomic numbers are greater than 83 are radioactive in nature. Radioactive elements are unstable isotopes that release subatomic energy as they decay. For example radium, thorium, uranium, radon, polonium, etc.

[Aashutosh]

Yoga can help us attain a stable physical and mental state. It improves the health and benefits of people of all ages. It can come in handy in curing an illness, recovering from surgery, or living with a chronic condition. Yoga can become an integral part of our treatment of those diseases which are difficult to cure. It potentially hastens our healing as well as makes us healthy for a lifetime.

Let’s discuss some benefits of Yoga.

1. Yoga improves strength, maintains balance, and develops flexibility in our bodies.

2. It also helps with back pain relief, if we do Yoga on a regular basis.

3. Yoga can ease arthritis symptoms and helps us to gain control over it.

4. Yoga benefits heart health and makes it fit for the long run.

5. Yoga relaxes you, reduces stress, and helps us to sleep better.

6. Yoga can charge us with more energy and can result in brighter moods.

7. Yoga connects you with a supportive community and society and helps you to overcome the communication gap.

8. Yoga promotes better self-care with a healthy mind and body.

[Aashutosh]

The difference between monocotyledon and dicotyledon is as follows:

1. The plants in which the seed has only one cotyledon are known as monocots. Such plants are monocotyledons. Whereas The plants in which the seed has two cotyledons are known as dicots. Such plants are dicotyledons.

2. The system of the leaf is parallel in monocotyledons. These leaves are isobilateral. Whereas There is a net-like system present in the leaf of dicotyledons. These leaves are dorsiventral.

3. Vascular bundles in stems are separated throughout in monocotyledon. While Vascular bundles in stems are organized in a ring-like pattern in dicotyledon.

4. Monocotyledons are consist of fibrous roots with many branches. Whereas Dicotyledons are consist of taproots with long thick roots.

5. Flower parts are present in multiples of three in monocotyledons. Whereas flower parts are present in multiples of four or five in Dicotyledons.

6. Embryo Monocotyledon contains one cotyledon. While Dicotyledons contain two cotyledons.

7. In monocotyledon, the pollen tube contains a single pore. While in Dicotyledon, the pollen tube has three or more pores.

8. Secondary growth is absent, cambium absent in monocotyledon. Whereas secondary growth is present, cambium present in dicotyledon.

9. Monocotyledon is herbaceous. While Dicotyledon is both woody as well herbaceous.

10. Examples of monocotyledon are sugarcane, banana tree, daffodils, palm, ginger, wheat, grass, rice, corn, millets. While Examples of dicotyledon is Mint, tomato, beans, lentils, pea lettuce, pea, and peanuts.

[Aashutosh]

Reproduction in animals is the biological process in which their parents gave birth to the new individual called offsprings. Not only in animals but plants also undergo this process to produce offsprings. Every organism, be it plants or animals are the results of reproduction. There are two modes of reproduction in plants and animals and they are known as:

1. Sexual Reproduction: The most common mode of reproduction in animals is Sexual Reproduction. In this process, both male and female play their significant roles. Most of the animals reproduce sexually in which the male sperm unites with the female egg to make a zygote, which shares its DNA with the cells of both the parents. Certain invertebrates reproduce with the process called self-reproduction in which they fertilize the egg with their own sperm. Humans and many animals reproduce sexually by the fusion of sperm with the ovum to form a zygote and this process is called fertilization.

2. Asexual Reproduction: It is the mode of reproduction in which only one parent is involved to produce offsprings. It produces genetically identical offsprings. The different modes of asexual reproduction in animals are gemmules, fragmentation, regeneration, parthenogenesis. It helps animals to continue their species.

[Aashutosh]

A gene is considered to be the basic physical and functional block of heredity. Genes are made up of DNA. Some genes constitute molecules called proteins. However, most of the genes do not constitute proteins. Genes differ in size in humans and their range may vary from a few hundred DNA bases to more than 2 million bases. International research is conducted and it is found in Human Genome Project, that humans have genes between 20,000 and 25,000.

Genetic drift is a change in the frequency of a gene variation within a population over time. This change in the genotype or gene variation frequency should always be random for genetic drift to occur. Genetic Drift cannot occur due to the influences of the environment.

For example, a mother with black eyes and a blue-eyed father can have children with black or blue eyes. If black is the dominant genotype, even though there is a 50% chance of having blue eyes. There might be a possibility of having all children with black eyes.

[Aashutosh]

The full form of DNA is deoxyribonucleic acid. It is a group of molecules that contains hereditary material and is responsible for carrying and transmitting the genetic information of our genes from parents to offsprings. It’s made up of biological building blocks known as nucleotides. DNA is something that makes us unique.

Some of the basic function or importance of DNA is as follows:

1. DNA stores the genetic information and transfer from parents to offspring.

2. DNA is involved in the replication process. It transfers the genetic information from one generation to the next and equal distribution of DNA during the cell division.

3. Changes in DNA sequences can cause Mutations which is witnessed in many cases.

4. The DNA can respond to the need for a particular protein by exposing the appropriate genes for transcription while keeping other genes inactive.

5. DNA is responsible for the unique Fingerprint that every people has.

6. DNA controls the genes and doesn’t let them express themselves freely. It interacts with cells based on the type of proteins they will make.

[Aashutosh]

Not every animal in the world farts but coming on snails, do not fart. Moon snails, another kind of snail that lives in the sea, is also listed as a no. The property of a snail that everyone should know is that a snail’s bottom is right over its head. This is because snails are very different from other snails like creatures called mollusks. Because they are smashed into their protective shell, their body is twisted around to fit in their shell. Resulting, their bottom is just above and to the side of where their head comes out.

[Aashutosh]

In number theory, the numbers are stated or divided into different types, such as negative numbers, natural numbers, complex numbers, whole numbers, prime numbers, etc.

For eg:

Negative Numbers – -1,-2,-3,-4,-5,-6,-7,-8,-9…..

Odd Numbers -1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19…..

Even Numbers -2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22 . . .

Square Numbers- 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81,100 . . .

Cube Numbers- 8, 27, 64, 125, 216, 343, 512 . . .

Prime Numbers- 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37….

Perfect Numbers -6, 28, 496, 8128, . . .

Fibonacci Numbers -1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55…

These all numbers combined some different numbers consist number theory.

Applications of Number Theory:

Number theory is used to find some divisibility tests and other functions also. Some of the applications are listed below:

1. Security System like in banking securities

2.Coding theory

3. E-commerce websites

4. BarcodesMaking of modular designs

5. Memory management system

6. Authentication system

[Aashutosh]

Pros of work from home is as follows:

More independence: Work from home provide Independence with work that is absent in physical work.

Fewer expenses: The traveling expenses or any other expense are quite less as compared to Physical work. Fuel cost or traveling cost is greatly reduced.

Increased productivity: Being able to take a break from your work whenever you feel tired can help you stay motivated and reduce burn-out. Overall it will make you more productive.

Improved technical skills: Work from home make you communicating friendly by insisting you communicate via online mode making you more technical friendly.

Improved communication skills: It will help you improve your communication skills with team coordinators and managers.

More work flexibility: You have more work flexibility in work from home. You will flexibly work hours or can adjust your time accordingly.

No office distractions: There will be no distraction in work from home as you will be alone in your comfortable environment.

Build professional networks: Working with diverse people from different connections can build your professional network.

Grants and incentives: Depending on the industry you work in and where you live, you may be eligible for various grants or telecommuting incentives

Reduction in work absences: Whether you’re sick or have to schedule an important appointment, working from home can reduce how often you need to take a day off.

Increased satisfaction: Employee satisfaction in remote positions may be higher because of the flexibility in performing their jobs. Your decision will be independent, not biased in any situation.

Provides more job opportunities: Remote positions can open up additional job opportunities for individuals with limitations to working in traditional roles.

Cons are as follows:

Increased isolation: You can become quite isolated working from home if you spend the majority of your time by yourself, working independently.

Home office costs: Some remote positions require specific equipment like headsets, webcams, or software to perform essential tasks and projects

Risk of overworking: There’s always a risk of working longer than you should. This can definitely burn you out and will increase work-related stress.

Risk to productivity: With the freedom to move around and take breaks whenever the mood arises, it might be difficult to stay focused on the tasks you’re working on.

Distractions at home: Distractions like the television, pets or household chores can lead to a decrease in your productivity and motivation.

Workplace disconnect: Woking from home can sometimes lead to a disconnect between you and your coworkers.

Less face time: With isolation and workplace disconnect as a result we might have less face time.

[Aashutosh]

Parents often teach their children about ways to keep themselves safe like to look both ways while crossing the street, wear seatbelts, not take anything from strangers, etc But they forgot to teach their children about good touch and bad touch. As a result, every one in four girls and one in thirteen boys are sexually abused in their childhood.

Let’s discuss the ways in which we can teach a child about good and bad touch.

1. Teach children that they are the boss of their bodies.

Teach the children about body safety in simple ways. You can start this discussion as easily as possible but the right age will be two years old.

Tell them about their bodies, start by addressing the means by which they keep your body clean.

For example: Start by saying “Let’s think of ways to keep your body healthy and keep your body safe.” Then proceed further by labeling what you are doing in your daily routine.

If you want your child to have the ownership of their own bodies and teach them to set comfortable boundaries.

2. Don’t force any kind of touch.

Parents are encouraging social skills by encouraging ownership of one’s body. This is important that kids see that they are in control of their own body.

Children can feel uncomfortable sometimes at different times due to different reasons. Therefore we shouldn’t force them to use their bodies in a way they don’t want to. Give them options.

For example, “Uncle is here! You can give Uncle a hug or a high five.”

3. Use the proper words for certain body parts.

All parents don’t use the correct language for bodies instead they sometimes use nicknames. But we should use the right names just as we would’ve done for other body parts. Kids may sense parent’s awkwardness around talking about certain body parts and think it’s something to be ashamed of. We need to get rid of that mentality.

For eg: If you tell your children the proper names or biological names and tell them these are the words used by doctors, it will strengthen their ability to communicate about certain body parts. As a result, it will create more openness and less secrecy.

4. Keep the right tone.

Parents usually avoid the topic saying children are too young and the subject might be scary. But there are other ways to bring it up normally. Maybe it’s at bath time, on the way to a doctor’s check-up, or before swim lessons.

Example: If you revisit your child to those places mentioned above frequently and briefly during those natural times, it doesn’t feel so heavy. It’s normal for kids to have questions related to that and it might feel silly to you. But, try to limit your own reactions to being supportive and matter of fact.

5. Talk about good touch versus bad touch

Teach your kids about different kinds of touches. Safe touches feel caring, like pats on the head or wanted hugs. Unsafe touches that feel scary or hurt your body or feelings, such as pinching or hitting. Kids should know it’s alright to say no even if it’s a family member or friend.

For example: Tell you’re kids like good touches is a soothing feeling like they are helping, like a hug from mom when you fall down. Bad touches are ones that make you feel scared and you want them to stop.

[Aashutosh]

HARD DRIVES

Hard drives are also known as ‘fixed disks’ because the data is stored into the memory of a computer and not intended to be removed. It compromises of one or more metal platters that is stacked together on a single spindle. Multiple read or write heads float next to the surface of the drive.

FLOPPY DRIVES

Floppy disks are designed to allow users to store data to a disk, remove it, and can be portable elsewhere.

CD-ROM

CD ROMs also called as Compact Disk Read Only Memory are shiny disk in the shape of circular made of plastic with a hole in the middle. Data are stored on them. They are read using a powerful light-emitting diode that is sometimes called a ‘laser’ and thus it is known as ‘laser disk’. It can store data about 640 MB of data.

DVD-ROM

Digital Video Disks are first used to store movies and is also used for playback on compact players. It is still in use to store the data for movies and games.

Blu-Ray

Blu-Ray is the latest development in data storage and movie disks. It is called Blu-Ray because it uses a blue LED to read or write from the disk.

REMOVABLE DRIVES

These are drives that can be removed or ported elsewhere. The media is not pulled out instead removed.

[Aashutosh]

Data processing is defined as the conversion of information into something that is understood by a computer. Common data processing methods use calculation, validation, sorting, classification, interpretation, and transfer of data.

An example of data processing is:

1. A digital camera converts raw data from a sensor to a photo by the use of a specific algorithm.

2. Typing sales numbers into an inventory control software program.

3. Process if integration involves the movement of data from one system to another.

4. A website accepts the user media and converts it into the standard format.

5. A messaging tool encrypts our data before sending it to the receivers.

[Aashutosh]

Xylem:

1. Xylem is the complex tissue of plants whose primary function is to transport water and other nutrients to the plants.

2. Xylem consists of dead cells (parenchyma is the only living cell present in the xylem).

3. Xylem compromises of vessels, fiber, and tracheids.

4. Xylem is located in the center of the vascular bundle, deep in the plant.

5. Their movement is unidirectional.

6. Xylem transports only minerals and water from the roots.

7. Xylem is the dead tissue at maturity, but no cell contents.

8. In the xylem, the conducting cells or tracheary cells are dead.

9. Xylem constitutes most part of the plant body.

10. Provide mechanical support.

Phloem:

1. Phloem is living tissue whose primary function is to transport food and other organic materials.

2. Phloem compromises of fibers, sieve tubes, sieve cells, phloem parenchyma, and companion cells.

3. Phloem is located on the outer side of the vascular bundle.

4. Their movement is bidirectional.

5. Phloem forms a small part of the plant body.

6. Phloem forms a small part of the plant body.

7. In phloem, the conducting cells are living.

8. Does not provide mechanical support.

9. Phloem is the living tissue, but not with the nucleus.