Member Kumari
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Rocks are the natural occurring substance containing of one or more minerals. Rocks form the Earth’s outer solid layer, the crust, and most of its interior, except for the liquid outer core and pockets of magma in the asthenosphere.
Rocks are categorized used 3 types.
1. Igneous rocks- Also known ad magmatic rock, is one of the three main rock types, the others being sedimentary and metamorphic. Igneous rock is formed through the cooling and solidification of magma or lava.
Igneous rocks occur in a wide range of geological settings: shields, platforms, orogens, basins, large igneous provinces, extended crust and oceanic crust. Igneous rocks are classified according to mode of occurrence, texture, mineralogy, chemical composition, and the geometry of the igneous body. There are relatively few minerals that are important in the formation of common igneous rocks, because the magma from which the minerals crystallize is rich in only certain elements: silicon, oxygen, aluminium, sodium, potassium, calcium, iron, and magnesium. These are the elements that combine to form the silicate minerals, which account for over ninety percent of all igneous rocks.
2. Sedimentary rocks- These are the types of rock that are formed by the accumulation or deposition of mineral or organic particles at the Earth’s surface, followed by cementation. Sedimentation is the collective name for processes that cause these particles to settle in place.
3. Metamorphic rocks:Metamorphic rocks make up a large part of the Earth’s crust and form 12% of the Earth’s land surface.They are classified by their protolith,their chemical and mineral makeup, and their texture. They may be formed simply by being deeply buried beneath the Earth’s surface, where they are subject to high temperatures and the great pressure of the rock layers above. They can also form from tectonic processes such as continental collisions, which cause horizontal pressure, friction and distortion. -
The ways or remedies through which global warming can be controlled and environment can be made eco friendly –
1. Planting more and more trees as it absorbs the Co2 from the environment and avoiding deforestation.
2. Go for cycle in the place of cars as the smoke from the engine is very harmful for our environment.
3. Turn off electrical devices when there is no use.
4. Save water. Switch off taps when not needed like while brushing aur cleaning utensils.
5. Recycle things as much as possible.
6. Avoid using heaters and air conditioners as the gas which comes out is very harmful for the nature.
7. Aware people around you about global warming, its causes, harmfull effects and how it can be controlled.
8. Use local goods as the goods which are transported from different places requires a transport which exhales poisonous gas.
9. Walk or cycle to buy vegetable and local markets. Do not use car to for local movement.
10. Change your refrigerator and air conditioners within a couple of years as as it gets older the gas becomes more poisonous.
11. Change your car within 15 years as older cars causes more pollution and technology is upgrading towards causing lesser harmful gass for the environment.
12. Do not smoke as the harmful gas causes harm to the environment.
13. Go for CNG cars as the CNG gas is less toxic than diesel fumes. It also creates less noise pollution.
14. Use electrical appliances which are 5 stare as it uses less radiation.
15. The industrial waste that comes out from the factories pollutes the water and it should be avoided.
It is very important for us to conserve our nature and natural resource for us and our future generation. Eco friendly natures leads to maximising of the using limit of the natural resources. -
In this hard time which we are going through it is very important for us to stay fit mentally and physically. Physical health is generally taken very seriously but one the other hand mental health is something which is not even talked about. People are suffering from pandemic anxiety with is leading them to lack of confidence and depression. Mental health is also equally important infact it can be said that it is more important as a person suffering from physical pain but having stress free mental state can be cured within few days whereas person suffering from no physical health issue but struggling with mental health issues takes lot of years and specialised treatment for recovery . Healthy mental state can be maintained by practicing the stress management techniques. Some of them are-
1. Exercising and yogas:- These play a very important role in controlling our stress. Long breathing helps to relax our body ,normalise our pulse rate and oxygen rate.
Excercises like stretching and taking massages also helps body and mind to relax.
2. Taking breaks:- Taking break from the normal work schedule and doing thing which makes us happy helps in relieving stress . It can be cooking, dancing, singing. Anything which makes us happy.
Spending time doing our hobbies will help our mind to stop thinking in a particular direction which is causing stress or affecting mental peace.
3. Eating healthy:- Consuming balanced diet helps our body to stay healthy and healthy body leads to healthy mind.
4. Working on the problem:- Working on the problem and discussing with the specialised people helps in solving it which leads to better mental state and healthy mind.
5. Talk with people around:- Talking plays a very important role in releasing stress. Knowing about people around and most importantly surrounding people with same ambition and mind set gives a lot of support and motivation for a person. -
Food and the nutrients present in a balanced diet are the components on which our body stands. For a living body to perform action certain vitamins, minerals, fats, protein, carbohydrates and that can only be consumed through the intake of food. There are a lot of advantages of taking health diet. They are:-
helps to reduce stress, helps to perform action, makes body strong to fight infections,boost mood, making bones strong. Our body needs food and energy even for actions like sleeping and dreaming. Eating healthy means replacing salt and sugar with more nutritious options such as jaggery, natural sugar like sugarcane and taking very little amount of salt. Adding roughage and fibrous food to the food helps to maintain healthy gut health. Fibrous foods includes legumes,salads, leafy vegetables fruits and they also help in bowel movements. Foods like almonds help in improving memory power of an individual. Foods like dairy products, brocolli, eggs, fishes etc helps in making bones and teeth strong. Having an healthy diet helps a person to fight alot of disease by building the immune system.
Even in this pandemic doctors prescribed us to have dry fruits, paneer, mutton, chicken, fish ,egg, dal so that our body get the capacity to fight corona virus. Apart from these having green vegetables and fruits helps our body to fight numerous diseases such as:- cardiovascular diseases, blood pressure, cancer, diabetes , Gaistrointesitial disease,vision etc.
Healthy diet , adequate amount of water and exercise if maintained properly also helps to cure mental health issues, psychological pain , releases stresss and also overcomes depression and also plays a very important role in weight loss. Having healthy helps us to keep our mind and body healthy leading to a peaceful life at workplace and home. Water consumption is also a very important important for our body and survival. -
Respiration-The human body is made up of cells. The cells perform various activities such as nutrition, excretion, transport, and reproduction. They require energy to carry out these processes. This energy is provided by the food we eat.
The food has energy stored in it. This energy is liberated during respiration. The air we inhale contains oxygen. It is transported to different parts of the body and finally the cells. The oxygen in the cells assists in disintegrating the food. Consequently, energy is released. This process is known as cellular respiration.
The food is disintegrated in the cells into water and carbon dioxide with the help of oxygen. This process of breakdown of food in the presence of oxygen is known as aerobic respiration. When the food is disintegrated without the use of oxygen, it is known as anaerobic respiration. Energy is released upon the break down of food.Respiration transforms energy stored in foods eaten by organism into energy that can be used for metabolic processes that sustain organism’s life.
Importance of the respiratory system is critical. Organisms can endure many days without food but cannot survive for more than few minutes if respiration.
Breathing- Breathing is the process of moving air out and in the lungs to facilitate gas exchange with the internal environment, mostly to flush out carbon dioxide and bring in oxygen. All aerobic creatures need oxygen for cellular respiration, which uses the oxygen to break down foods for energy and produces carbon dioxide as a waste product. Breathing, or external respiration brings air into the lungs where gas exchange takes place in the alveoli through diffusion. The body’s circulatory system transports these gases to and from the cells, where “cellular respiration” takes place. Breathing has other important functions. It provides a mechanism for speech, laughter and similar expressions of the emotions. It is also used for reflexes such as yawning, coughing and sneezing. Animals that cannot thermoregulate by perspiration, because they lack sufficient sweat glands, may lose heat by evaporation through panting. -
For living organisms including human body water plays a very important role.
An adult human body contains 60% of water where the brain and heart are composed of 73% water, and the lungs are about 83% water. The skin contains 64% water., muscles and kidneys are 79%, and even the bones are watery ie. 31%. There are various advantages of having water.
• Flushing out the toxins from our body.
• Regulating body temperature.
• Helps the brain to function.
• It helps in creating saliva.
• It lubricates the joints and protects tissues, joints and bones.
• It helps to excrete waste in the form of sweat,urination and precipitation.
• Helps in the process of digestion Through the process of digestion the nutrients and water is absorbed from the food and used up in the body which gives energy to the body to perform work. and also in the bowel movement.
• It helps in maximising the physical performance of an athlete.
• Water as well as fibre helps in the avoiding constipation.
• Helps in absorption of nutrients in the large intestine and small intestine.
• It helps to fight disease such as
1. Constipation
2. Kidney stones
3. Asthama
4. Hypertension
5. Urinary tract infections
6. Migrain
• Having adequate amount of water helps in curing psychological problems such as stress,anxiety, depression etc.
• It helps to keep body hydrated and keeps the mood and mind fresh.
Taking healthy and balanced diet and taking adequate amount of water helps our body to rejuvinate and fullfill our nutritional values. Thinking positive also plays an important for our healthy life and body.
Water also helps in rejuvenating clear skin and healthy body.
Water is very important resource and should be conserved so that our next generation gets the opportunity to enjoy the natural resources we have.-
This reply was modified 3 years, 10 months ago by Kumari.
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This reply was modified 3 years, 10 months ago by
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In this hard time which we are going through it is very important for us to stay fit mentally and physically. Physical health is generally taken very seriously but one the other hand mental health is something which is not even talked about. People are suffering from pandemic anxiety with is leading them to lack of confidence and depression. Mental health is also equally important infact it can be said that it is more important as a person suffering from physical pain but having stress free mental state can be cured within few days whereas person suffering from no physical health issue but struggling with mental health issues takes lot of years and specialised treatment for recovery . Healthy mental state can be maintained by practicing the stress management techniques. Some of them are-
1. Exercising and yogas:- These play a very important role in controlling our stress. Long breathing helps to relax our body ,normalise our pulse rate and oxygen rate.
Excercises like stretching and taking massages also helps body and mind to relax.
2. Taking breaks:- Taking break from the normal work schedule and doing thing which makes us happy helps in relieving stress . It can be cooking, dancing, singing. Anything which makes us happy.
Spending time doing our hobbies will help our mind to stop thinking in a particular direction which is causing stress or affecting mental peace.
3. Eating healthy:- Consuming balanced diet helps our body to stay healthy and healthy body leads to healthy mind.
4. Working on the problem:- Working on the problem and discussing with the specialised people helps in solving it which leads to better mental state and healthy mind.
5. Talk with people around:- Talking plays a very important role in releasing stress. Knowing about people around and most importantly surrounding people with same ambition and mind set gives a lot of support and motivation for a person. -
Communication is a process through which a message is circulated from 1 person to another through different mediums. Communication takes place through 2 way.
• Verbal communication – This communication takes place when words are used to convey thoughts and message between 2 people
• Non- verbal communication – This takes place when signs and symbols are used to exchange message between 2 or more people.
Non-verbal communication includes gestures,postures,personal appearance, body language,eye contact etc.
Each of these plays a very important part in communicating our message to the person in front of. It expresses our thoughts more than our words. Maybe sometimes this happens that we are speaking something else and our body language is speaking something else in this case body language should be believed as it cannot be fakes.
1. Personallyappearance:- personal appearance plays a very important role as our personality and dressing speaking about us before we speak. It also represents about the organisation we represent.
2. Gestures:-Gestures deals with the hand movements that we use to express our message. Eg- we touch our index fingure and thumb to show perfect.
3. Postures- Postures include body movement to express message. Eg- shurgging our shoulder when we are bored or iritated.
4. Eye contact- Eye contact plays a very important role in showing our confidence in a conversation. While in a meeting or and interview we maintain eye contact with the interviewer it shows how confident we are about ourselves.
Some of the non verbal signs used world wide:-
1. Thumbs up-
• The signal for approval or agreement is commonly found a European and American cultures.
• In many Islamic and Asian countries it is considered a major insult.
2. V for Victory-
• The V sign with an inward facing palm is also considered and insult in the UK and South Africa. -
Myth 1: You Gotta Raise Money To Start Or Grow A Business
It can be heard a lot by aspiring entrepreneurs about how they need money before they start their business or even early on in the business to keep growing.
This is one of the biggest myths and a biggest excuse that anyone who wants to be an entrepreneur can have. Someone has a so-called great idea. They start telling people about and people start taking interest into it. They explain there plan and design a model, start selling, get a few customers in a few months and now they want to expand.Start small. Circulate about business as much as you can. Give it time and to gradually grow. Analyze and adjust every detail of your company that needs upgradation You’ll know when you’re really ready to scale.
Myth 2: You Need To Just Work Hard, Everything Will Workout-
One needa to work hard and work smartly
Hard work is a huge variable to success, but if you’re working hard on the wrong things, you simply won’t build a successful business.You won’t build a successful business or brand, by just turning your wheels in the same place. You have to actually be going forward.
A lot of the time people confuse being busy with being productive.
Myth 3: Just Build It! They Will Come
People are not there for you brand waiting to come so they could get it. You will have to make your target audience. Advertise as much as you can . Initially spend money on advertising but make sure to advertise through appropriate media according to your target audience.
Myth 4: You’ll Be A Multi-Millionaire One Day!
Being an entrepreneur is hard work and by being practical from the beginning, you’ll be able to have realistic expectations for how successful you’ll be despite the amount of work you put in.
Not everyone will become a millionaire entrepreneur. In fact, the majority of people won’t even come close.
Myth 5: Anyone Can Be An Entrepreneur
Not everyone is meant for having there own business. If you have lots of money it doesn’t means you will invest on your idea and become a billionaire. It takes alot of patience, hard work, and smart work which does not happens in just one night. -
According to me life is going to change a lot after this pandemic. People will start respecting and protecting the environment and resources . In the pandemic we got to learn what are the actual necessities of our lives. No ,they are not partying and shopping and branded phones and macbook but they area shelter,food,clothes ,medical services and the most important “Oxygen”. Maybe people with start
realising this and try to save money for these things and not for just branded useless stuffs. As we say “
Crisis gives rise to new opportunities” this is proved as now we have a more digitally upgraded educational sector , upgraded healthcare sector and many more
things which will surely be beneficially to us in the future. Our respected prim minister shri NarendraModi gave us a title to be “Self sufficient” and as a
result today we have vaccines which our manufactured in our own country. I am sure in future peoplewon’t have to go to abroad for there treatments of
disease such as cancer,tuberculosis etc and our fully upgraded health system will surely be able to treat them well.Definitely theses factors have made us abit more confident, motivated and our trust on our scientists and doctors have been increased.
If we try to see at the positive side many people got time to spend with there families and I m sure they would have enjoyed alot and will definitely
like to come and meet there familiea even after the pandemic.
After the pandemic gets over I am sure people will start taking care of there health by doing yoga and exercises as now we are full aware of its value. Earlier for as of now people believed living an unhealthy lifestyle and then going to a doctor but after this pandemic people will start living a healthy lifestyle
and try to avoid the activites that cancelled them any minor or severe disease.People will develop and accept the habbit of wearing a mask full time which is a very healthy habit. People will start concentrating on healthy food and not the junk ones which are just good for taste and has no nutritional value.
People will surely start respecting and caring people around them, their families, loved ones as this pandemic taught us who are the ones who are
important for our survival and who are the ones who are just with us for there needs.
In digital world we also we got to learn that not all
social media forwards are authentic and it is very important to cross check the facts before trusting. -
Water is one of the most important resource we have on our planet. All living beings such as animals, plants and human need water for the proper functioning on there systems. Water has various importance in everyone’s lives but today due to the involveness of factories and chimneys waste the water of the seas and oceans are getting polluted.
Even though we have a lot of river and oceans but the water they have is very salty and contains garbage and harmfull chemicals which come out from the factories and cannot be consumed directly. That means only some amount of water is appropriate for intake. We should use the water effectively and make sure it is not wasted. We can reuse water in many ways possible and should save them from getting polluted.. Some of the ways of saving the water from getting polluted are:-
• Dispose toxic chemicals properly.
• Do Not Pour Fat and Grease Down the Drain
• Use Phosphate-Free Detergent and Dish Cleaner
• Dispose of Medical Waste Properly.
• Report water polluters
• Lessen down meat consumption.
• Eat more organic food.
• Wash your car or outdoor equipment where it can flow to a grassed area instead of a street.
• Don’t pour your motor oil down the storm drain. Take it to the nearest auto parts store.
• Pick up litter and throw it away in a garbage can.
• Go for non-toxic and biodegradable cleansers.
• Avoid plastic containers and go for steel or fibre containers.
• Make sure to clear your water tanks regularly and use alum.
• Do not let the garbage or toxic chemical from the factories go to the seas and oceans.
• Do not waste water. Try to reuse as much as possible like bathing pet in the lawn so that the water gets absorbed by the grass. -
For the student covid-19 brought a lot of struggle,opportunities and time. Initially when the pandemic started, there was loss of studies and then the whole platform was converted into the online mode. At first teachers too had to face problem to handle the teaching on the internet but gradually with patience and experience everything started going smooth. But there are problems that just cannot be solved like the internet connection,problem in the device. These remain a permanent problem in the online mode of education. But the teachers are trying there best to teach there students well in the easiest way possible. But it has a positive side as well. As the students remain at there home they get a lot of extra time which can be used effectively. With a productive life style, positive outlook and investing the time in a particular direction which is good for the person will definitely give a bright result.
This pandemic has been a tough experience for the students sitting for an entrance exam. The dates were postponed again and again which demotivated the students. These students were the most effected. Many Upsc aspirants had to sell tea and biscuits and other stall so that they do not have to ask for money from there parents. Postponeding the exam also increased the stress in the student which resulted in declining interest in studies.
I would suggest such students to continue with there studies not leave it for a long period of time,keep revision, even for 1-2 hour. Regularity is what matters the most. Meditate, exercise and take healthy to keep yourself mentally and physically fit.
Pandemic and lockdown have been a challenge for the people around the world but all we can do is to wait patiently, with a positive attitude, hoping for a better tomorrow. -
For us as Indians festival are the major parts of our lives. For us festival means joy,happiness, food,worship,new clothes,celebration and many more happening things. All the religions of our country have certain festivals which is also celebrated by the whole coutry. A muslim can been seen firing crackers on diwali and playing with colour on holi. A hindu can be seen celebrating eid and going to each other’s house on eid. A punjabi can be seen celebrating Christmas and a Christian can be seen going to gurudwaare for lohri. India is known as the country of festivals. All the festivals have there own story behind them with actually happened in tha past. Like in hindu culture we have dusshera which is of 10 days. It is associated with victory of lord rama over the demon ravan and how he saved sita maata from him. We have diwali which is celebrated because on that very day lord rama along with brother lakshmana and wife sita came back to homeland after exile of 14 years. In muslim culture Eid-al-Adha is celebrated recalls the story of how God commanded Ibrahim to sacrifice his son Ismail as a test of faith. … Eid al-Fitr is celebrated on the first day of the 10th month in the Islamic calendar. Eid al-Adha is celebrated on the 10th day of the final month in the Islamic calendar. There is a festival called Eid al- Fitr celebrated after a month of prayer, devotion and self-control, Muslims celebrate the accomplishment of their sacred duties during Ramadan with the beginning of Eid-al- Fitr or the festival of Breaking the Fast. The festival is a national holiday in many countries with large Muslim populations. Most famous festival of christians ie, christmas is celebrated to remember lord jesus who is believed to be the son of god. In punjabi culture people celebrate guru nanak jayanti also called guruparab in order to remember there first sikh guru Nanak dev ji.
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In this hard time which we are going through it is very important for us to stay fit mentally and physically. Physical health is generally taken very seriously but one the other hand mental health is something which is not even talked about. People are suffering from pandemic anxiety with is leading them to lack of confidence and depression. Mental health is also equally important infact it can be said that it is more important as a person suffering from physical pain but having stress free mental state can be cured within few days whereas person suffering from no physical health issue but struggling with mental health issues takes lot of years and specialised treatment for recovery . Healthy mental state can be maintained by practicing the stress management techniques. Some of them are-
1. Exercising and yogas:- These play a very important role in controlling our stress. Long breathing helps to relax our body ,normalise our pulse rate and oxygen rate.
Excercises like stretching and taking massages also helps body and mind to relax.
2. Taking breaks:- Taking break from the normal work schedule and doing thing which makes us happy helps in relieving stress . It can be cooking, dancing, singing. Anything which makes us happy.
Spending time doing our hobbies will help our mind to stop thinking in a particular direction which is causing stress or affecting mental peace.
3. Eating healthy:- Consuming balanced diet helps our body to stay healthy and healthy body leads to healthy mind.
4. Working on the problem:- Working on the problem and discussing with the specialised people helps in solving it which leads to better mental state and healthy mind.
5. Talk with people around:- Talking plays a very important role in releasing stress. Knowing about people around and most importantly surrounding people with same ambition and mind set gives a lot of support and motivation for a person. -
Reproduction is a process through which organisms gives rise to there young ones which are same as there single parent or have mixed characteristics of there parents. Reproduction helps to maintain the continuity of a particular species.
There are two ways in which organisms can reproduce offsprings:-
1. Asexual reproduction- This is the process by which offsprings are produced without the fusion or production of gametes. Asexual reproduction takes place where there is only one parent. The offsprings are identically same as there parent and are called clones. Asexual reproduction is a simple and fast process.
Eg- spore formation, parthenogenesis, vegetative propagation, fragmentation etc.
2. Sexual reproduction- This is the process by which the male gamete which is the sperm and the female gamete which the ovary fuse together to produce the offspring. The offspring contains characteristics of both the parents hence are not exactly same as there parents. Sexual reproduction is a complex and slow process. Thorugh sexual reproduction there is genetic variation in the offspring.
A disease cannot effect the whole species.
Eg- in human beings,dogs etc.
The organisms which can produce 2 distinct type of gametes are called anisogamous which contain the male gametes sperm and female gamete ovary. Eg- plasmodium, vertebrates.
The organisms in which the gametes are identical are called isogamous species. Eg- chlamydomonas, algae etc
There are many organisms that can reproduce sexually as well as asexually like hydra, jellyfish, yeast and many more depending on the conditions they are in.
In human there are germ cells called sperm and ova respectively for male and female. While intercourse the sperm reaches the ovum and fertilises it to form the embryo which later forms zygote. And as the time passes by the zygote grows to form an individual baby.
There are lab based methods through which couple can conceieve who are not able to conceive naturally. Ex- IVF.