Member Kumari
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Money cannot buy happiness. Happiness is something that comes from inside, from inner satisfaction. There are people who are happy in there life even with an average amount of money and there are people who are not happy with a large amount of money. Happines does not comes with things but comes with our family, loved ones, closed people. Money cannot mend broken friendships and relationships. If a person thinks that he will be happy if he buys something that happiness will stay just for a while and then he’ll again be repeating the same process for a different thing and there is not ending of this process and there will be no satisfaction. Happiness is being satisfied with ones own self. Even this pandemic has taught us the value of family, happiness and lives over money. People who are ready for spending all there money on there patient’s treatment but still it cannot be assured that the person will not die. On the present situation we can say that no amount of money in rhe world is capable of giving life to a person. We should work more on ourselves spend time with loved ones and that will lead to our happiness. People who are in grief, pain think that they would have been in a better position if they had money but that is not the truth people who have money are sadder because they are not able to think that why are they not happy if they do have all the money and arrangements for a lavish rich life. So to live a happy life always keep in the the first and the for most point it will not come from money, it will come from career, respect in society,by making our parents proud, by living a balanced life with our partner and many more things.
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Internet- is definitely a boon for the people aging from a kid to an elderly person . It has helped alot in making our life easier. From buying to selling, from online studies to giving online tutions, learning about study material to earn from giving online tutions internet has helped us alot. There is a temendous development during the era of internet. Earlier people had to go and stand in a line for taking the exam or job forms but now everything can be done sitting at home only. Earlier we had to go out for buying goods and also bargain but now through online shopping we get the product on the lowest rate possible without bargaining. We can learn alot of new things, develop our hobbies and learn skills through the internet. Now-a -days job interviews and examinations are also taken in the online mode only.
There has been a drastic change in the process of marketing and e commerce in the era of internet. People are switching to online store in the place of market and shops due to the difference in the price and there are more option to choose from in an online stores. Some people have started there own online stores and they are more effective for people in terms of prices, contacting the company, returns and exchanges etc. Also when people buy a product likes it and post the feedback on a social media more people ought to get attracted and will believe on a person’s feedback than the owner’s prasing words for the product. Also the offers and the sales which are given by the compnies attract the customer towards themselves. We get pop us of the online stores while browsing the internet that reminds us about the brand and company but ones we have completed our shopping from a particular offline store most of the time we don’t remember it the next time we have to buy something. -
Saprotrophs also know as saprophytes or decomposers are the organisms that cannot make there own food and instead are dependent on other non- living organisms and dead and decaying matter for there food. Saprophytes feed with the process called absorptive nutrition or saprophytic nutrition, where the dead and decaying food is digested by the enzyme secreted by the saprotroph. The enzyme converts the non- living organisms into simpler molecule which are then absorbed by the cells.A saprophyte is also helpful to the ecosystem as it decomposes the bodies of dead and decaying organisms, recycles and releases nutrients into the environment, making them available for other organisms to use it. During saprophytic nutrition proteins are digested into amino acids , starch is digested into simpler sugar and fats are broken into fatty acid.Saprotrophs interact with the environment at the microscopic level. These organisms are considered very important in the process of nutrient cycling, decomposition of organic matter and in breaking down the complex organic matter into simpler substances that are taken up by the plants for various metabolic activities. Saprophytes require suitable conditions for there growth. They need sufficient water and oxygen for there growth and cannot grow in anaerobic conditions(lack of oxygen). They grow well in slightly acid aur neutral condition.
The saprophytes grow through the tubular and filamentous structure called the hyphae that grows and branch into the dead matter and secreat a digestive enzyme that absorbs its nutrients.
Eg-For example ‘lignin’ one of major materials found in plant cell walls, is not digestible by plant-eating animals or useable by plants unless broken down into its various components, mainly complex sugars. Certain saprophytic fungi are able to reduce lignin into useful compounds.
Types saprophytes organisms :-
1.Saprophytic fungi:- Fungi which are dependent on dead and decaying organisms for their nutrition
Eg-mushrooms, yeast, penicillium.
2.Saprophytic bacteria:- Bacteria which are dependent on dead and decaying matter for their nutrition.
Eg-slime moulds, lactobacillus, bacillus stearuothermophilus
3.Saprophytic flowering plants :- Plants which are dependent on other dead and decaying organisms for there nutrition.
Eg, Indian plant, burmannia ,Corallorhiza orchids.
4. Saprophytic algae :- Algae that lacks chlorophyll, like the member of the genus ‘Polytoma’ and are dependent on other dead and decaying matter for there nutrition.Features of saprophytes:-
1. They cannot perform photosynthesis due to absence of chlorophyll.
2. They grow from filamentous structure called hyphae.
3. They play a very important role in soil biology.
4. Saprophytes are hetrotropic.
5. They do not have stems,leaves or roots. -
As water is one of the most important resource for our survival it is very important for us to save water. There are various ways by which water can by saved.
Some of the ways are-
1. We should take just that amount of water that we can drink and not waste it.
2. If some water is left in the glass we should reuse it by watering the plants
3. While brushing,taking bath aur cleaning the utensils we should switch off the tap.
4. We should take care all the taps,showers ,pipes and toilets of our house are not leaking and if they are try to mend it as soon as possible.
5. Rain water harvesting is a process where rain water is stored on the terrace so that the water can be reused.
6. Planting the plants that need less amount of water for there growth.
7. Don’t let the tap be open while watering the plant through pipes.
8. Use a washing machine when there is full load of clothes.
9. While cooking cover the utensils with lid to reduce the wastage of water while heating.
10. Taking shower instead of bathing can also help in saving water.
11. Water the plants in the evening so that evaporation is minimized.
12. Tell people around you the value of water and ways in which it can be saved.
13. Collect water in the sink and then cleaning fruits and vegetables.
14. Don’t dirty utensils more than you needs as washing them will require more water then needed.
15. While taking a hot shower don’t waste the cold water that comes prior to hot water,reuse it for different things.
16. If you have a pet, give them bath in the lawn so that the water gets used by the plants and grasses.
Water is a very important component and as i responsible citizen it is our duty to save them so that the next generation also gets to enjoy the resources of our planet earth. -
The ways or remedies through which global warming can be controlled are-
1. Planting more and more trees as it absorbs the Co2 from the environment and avoiding deforestation.
2. Go for cycle in the place of cars as the smoke from the engine is very harmful for our environment.
3. Turn off electrical devices when there is no use.
4. Save water. Switch off taps when not needed like while brushing aur cleaning utensils.
5. Recycle things as much as possible.
6. Avoid using heaters and air conditioners as the gas which comes out is very harmful for the nature.
7. Aware people around you about global warming, its causes, harmfull effects and how it can be controlled.
8. Use local goods as the goods which are transported from different places requires a transport which exhales poisonous gas.
9. Walk or cycle to buy vegetable and local markets. Do not use car to for local movement.
10. Change your refrigerator and air conditioners within a couple of years as as it gets older the gas becomes more poisonous.
11. Change your car within 15 years as older cars causes more pollution and technology is upgrading towards causing lesser harmful gass for the environment.
12. Do not smoke as the harmful gas causes harm to the environment.
13. Go for CNG cars as the CNG gas is less toxic than diesel fumes. It also creates less noise pollution.
14. Use electrical appliances which are 5 stare as it uses less radiation.
15. The industrial waste that comes out from the factories pollutes the water and it should be avoided.
As we see that now in India we have 9-10 months for summer and 1-2 months for winter this is the effect of global warming. Global warming is a very dangerous calamity people should make sure to keep these things in mind and protect our nature. -
Digestion is a very important process for the proper functioning of our body. Through the process of digestion the nutrients and water is absorbed from the food and used up in the body which gives energy to the body to perform work. Even the working of organs in our body needs energy.The process through which the food enters our body and is then passed through various organs in order to get digested is governed by the digestive system. It comprises of various glands and organs such as salivary glands, mouth, esophagus, stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, small intestine, large intestine, rectum and anus.
Initially food enters our body from the mouth, the fluid secreted by the salivary gland moistens the food and the teeth churns it. The churned food with the saliva then goes into the food pipe called the esophagu sand through food pipe it reaches the stomach. In stomach it stays for 5-6 hours where the food is mixed and grinded and with the help of certain enzymes and acids the food breaks down and becomes of a paste consistency.
Then the food enters the small intestine where the process of breaking down of food continues with the help of the secreation of pancreas that is pancreatic juice and liver is bile. Here, the nutrients and broken down into its simplest form such as proteins are broken into amino acids, fats into fatty acids and then are absorbed.
Then the semi liquid paste enters the large intestine where the water and electrolytes are absorbed from the digested food.
Then the left over waste collected in the rectum and excreted through the anus and is eliminated out.
For the process of digestion to take place smoothly as it helps the smoothen the movement of food in the system and cleanses the digestive system. By taking the right amout of water constipation does not takes place. -
In this hard time which we are going through it is very important for us to stay fit mentally and physically. Physical health is generally taken very seriously but one the other hand mental health is something which is not even talked about. Mental health is also equally important infact it can be said that it is more important as a person suffering from physical pain but having stress free mental state can be cured within few days whereas person suffering from no physical health issue but struggling with mental health issues takes lot of years and specialised treatment for recovery . Healthy mental state can be maintained by practicing the stress management techniques. Some of them are-
1. Exercising and yogas:- These play a very important role in controlling our stress. Long breathing helps to relax our body ,normalise our pulse rate and oxygen rate.
Excercises like stretching and taking massages also helps body and mind to relax.
2. Taking breaks:- Taking break from the normal work schedule and doing thing which makes us happy helps in relieving stress . It can be cooking, dancing, singing. Anything which makes us happy.
Spending time doing our hobbies will help our mind to stop thinking in a particular direction which is causing stress or affecting mental peace.
3. Eating healthy:- Consuming balanced diet helps our body to stay healthy and healthy body leads to healthy mind.
4. Working on the problem:- Working on the problem and discussing with the specialised people helps in solving it which leads to better mental state and healthy mind.
5. Talk with people around:- Talking plays a very important role in releasing stress. Knowing about people around and most importantly surrounding people with same ambition and mind set gives a lot of support and motivation for a person. -
Water is one of the most important resource we have on our planet. All living beings such as animals, plants and human need water for the proper functioning on there systems. Water has various importance in everyone’s lives.
1. Helps plants in the process of photosynthesis:- Water helps plant to perform photosynthesis through which they produce there food for the living.
2. Water is needed to grow crops:- Water plays a very important role in production of cereals, vegetables fruits and many other things that we consume.
3. Water is very important for living body for the organs to perform there functions well.
4. Nowadays electricity is also produced from water know as hydroelectricity.
Without water existance of living being is not at all possible. Earlier we used to get water for free but now we are paying for it because the quantity and fresh water has decreased. Now as a responsible citizen we should be saving water as it will be beneficial to us only. And also so that the people of the next generation can also be able to enjoy there natural resources.
Even though we have a lot of river and oceans but the water they have is very salty and cannot be consumed directly. That means only some amount of water is appropriate for intake. We should use the water effectively and make sure it is not wasted.
Like for eg
• If you have a pet make him bath in the lawn so that the water is not wasted and the grasses are being watered from the same.
• Try taking shower in place of bathing as it requires lesser amount of water.
• Do rainwater harvesting where the water collected during raining is used for different day to day work.
• Take the amount of water that is needed in the glass for drinking if water is still left,put it in the plants. -
For a productive life style a balanced routine is very important which is actually being practiced. In this time of pandemic we can feel stress everywhere but we can convert this time to a productive time and by accordingly planning our day. Being productive means doing something thats enhances us and we learn news skills and at the same time utilising our free time for our growth.
The very first step towards being productive is doing excercise or yoga daily in the place of just sleeping and wasting time and then just feeling guilty and depressed with the news. Doing yoga and exercising will refresh our mind and we will be able to grasp the new activity. Reading newspaper for knowing the news , the news which will tell us about the happenings around us not about the deaths and complications.Reading good books is also a very productive habbit. It helps re-live thousand lifes in just 1 life. Good books also helps us to become a better version of ourself. People interested in different sectors like startup or counselling and many other can get a huge amount of information and can also learn from renowned businessmen’s experiences. The next step towards is learning a skill weather wheather it be vedio editing, coding and many more things. Productivity also includes carrying on with a hobby. There are a number of different ways in which people can be productive depending on there needs and interests. The most important thing this BEING PRODUCTIVE. It helps people to maintain their mental peace and active life schedule also helps in maintaining physical health. Gardening and living in the shade of nature is also helpfull for our mental peace and gives us a lot of satisfaction.As the present senerio is quite depressing and stressfull but if we look at it at as an opportunity and cut ourselves from the news and the world outside we can get alot of time for ourselves and for enhancing our skills and growing into a better person. -
According to my opinion, science is definitely a boon for the mankind but it also depends upon how we use it. Science and technology has developed so much that the things that were impossible at some point of time in the past are now actually happening. Just like the dream for human to fly like a bird came true through the invention of airoplanes science has developed a lot in past few years. From the accidental experiment of the fire to the recent generation of vaccine for the covid-19 virus and treating patients from the online mode without getting infected ,there has been a tremendous development in the field of science. It has become very easy for us to connect to anyone around the globe. Earlier we had home made food but now have the provision for packaged food which can be stored for a couple of days.
Earlier we had brooms that took alot of efforts but now we have vacuum cleaner which takes lesser time and efforts and and does all the cleaning. Earlier people had to move from one place to another by walking which took a lot of time and lot of days to reach our destination but now we have cars,scooteys,bikes that cover a long distance within a couple oft time. We have all the arrangements to make our life easy but it depends on how we use these technologies. As the technology and science has developed people are misusing it for there personal needs. Accounts are being hacked, home securities are being deactivate by a third person, cyber crime has increased and there are many more ways through which the people are misusing these things. Everything we have has both positive and negative impact on us and we should try to control ourselves and just not go with the flow to do wrong things and try to help others if we have the knowledge of science and technology more then them. -
Pandemic has caused a huge effect on people’s health. Even the healthy people have started feeling low because of the news and loosing of there closed ones. People are not able to enjoy the nature.This is a critical situation for each one of us. Each one of us have lost someone or the other but this is the time when we need to show patience and thank god for what we have. At this critical time it is very important for people to keep ones own self mentally and physically strong. In this tough time of the people have started sharing fake news that is causing havoc in the minds of people. The very first process for avoiding this situation would be to cut the string from the covid news and death rates. The second process will be doing yogas and excercise daily. Long breathing helps in relaxation of mind. Eating a balanced diet makes our body capable to fighting to the infections leading to healthy body and stressfull mind. Reading books tha encourages the idea of being positive can also be very helpful. Keeping your self busy with the things we like will heal our mental health. Whether it be gardening ,reading books or cooking to learning skills for our future. Spend time with family to avoid negative thoughts and use this time productively to work for your future. Staying strong mentally helps a lot even . If a person is physically unfit his he can be recovered easily with a positive mindset but a person with lack of mental peace takes a lot of time to recover. Trying to be happy, satisfied and thankfull to god with what we have and not expecting for more at present time is what is the time to do right now. Be safe and follow the safety measures strictly. Stay away from negativity and negative people they are the prime source of mental stress. Spent time with yourself ,exploring yourself ,working on your weak points and that won’t give you time to take stress or to think in negative direction. Mental health is as important as the physical health.
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Soil erosion is the process by which the topmost fertile layer of the soil is removed due to any physical impacts such as wind water or any animal. Due to this process the soil loses it’s nutrition. It also takes place due to some of the human activities such as deforestation. It can be said that Deforestation is the major problem that is causing erosion . People cut trees for there needs due to which the roots leave the soil and phenomenons like floods and landslides take place.Even agriculture causes soil erosion as for agriculture tress are removed and seeds are sowned in the on month of spring with causes it be barrened in the months of winter. Grazing of animals like sheeps and cows also also causes soil erosion as while grazing they remove the plants from there roots. For construction of buildings tractors are been drove in order to level the ground causing the fertile soil to get eroded.
There are various impacts of soil erosion. The soil looses its nutrients while effects the growth of the crops. It also causes natural calamities such as earthquakes and landslides.
There are ways in which soil can be prevented from eroding. The soil should not be left barrened instead grasses and shrub should be grown on the land. Keep the drainage system of you building our house clear so that the wasted water is not gone to the garden as the overflow of water can cause erosion. Do not over water the plants. The older plants which have the roots attached to the ground are more helpfull in controlling the erosion than the plants which are new and there roots are not very strong. Fertilisers and nutrients should be added to the soil in order to maintain it’s nutritive value of the soil so that it can give rise to a healthy plant. -
It is very important for us to have a positive outlook towards life. It helps us in our growth and development as a person in our professional and personal lifes. If from a very young age people keep a positive outlook they will be able to take up each opportunity as a step for there growth. A positive person surely succeeds in life. Positivity leads to healthy mental health ensuring peace and harmony in life. There are ways in which positivity can be maintained. The prime way is to do yogas and excercise. It helps to relax body and mind and the person starts feeling peaceful. Right now as the present time is very critical it is very important to cut off the strings for the covid news. The charts and death rates are very horrifying and has the ability to tilt the mind towards negative thoughts. Make a routine, follow it and make sure to give time to hobbies, skills develop good habbits because our mind know the difference between what are we doing and what we should be doing. When we do the things which we are supposed to do our positivity and confidence increases. Positivity is also maintained if we take balanced diet containing of all the important vitamins and mineral and all the essential proteins, fats carbohydrates and other components. Staying with our family friends and closed ones and communicating with them about our thoughts. Positivity comes from within and no one around can convince us to think positively. Try and keep yourself motivated and positive. Read, reading helps alot. It helps a person to relive thousands of life in just one life. It pushes the ability of the mind to think more. A good book can create a deep impact on a person’s mind and there way of thinking.
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Reproduction is a process through which organisms gives rise to there young ones which are same as there single parent or have mixed characteristics of there parents. Reproduction helps to maintain the continuity of a particular species.
There are two ways in which organisms can reproduce offsprings:-
1. Asexual reproduction- This is the process by which offsprings are produced without the fusion or production of gametes. Asexual reproduction takes place where there is only one parent. The offsprings are identically same as there parent and are called clones. Asexual reproduction is a simple and fast process.
For eg:-
Binary fission- In this process, a cell is divided into to and each cell contains a copy of a DNA. Eg- Amoeba.
Fragmentation- In this process, the main organism splits and new individuals are formed from each half. Eg- planaria
Sporogenesis- In this process individuals from the reproductive units called spores.
Parthenogenesis- It is the process by which the bees gives rise to the young ones by the formation and development of eggs without the process of fertilization.
2. Sexual reproduction- This is the process by which the male gamete which is the sperm and the female gamete which the ovary fuse together to produce the offspring. The offspring contains characteristics of both the parents hence are not exactly same as there parents. Sexual reproduction is a complex and slow process.
Eg- in human beings,dogs etc.
The organisms which can produce 2 distinct type of gametes are called anisogamous which contain the male gametes sperm and female gamete ovary. Eg- plasmodium, vertebrates.
The organisms in which the gametes are identical are called isogamous species. Eg- chlamydomonas, algae etc
There are many organisms that can reproduce sexually as well as asexually like hydra, jellyfish, yeast and many more depending on the conditions they are in. -
Major steps to reach higher in life are:-
1. Plan and attack:-This means that a person should be doing there work in a planned way so that nothing remains left nor something is given more than the needed.
2. Discuss from everyone, decide yourself:- Discuss about there experience from everyone ,the pros and cons ,what can better be done in the work or for yourself but make sure to take your decision independently. Think ,take time ,draw a conclusion but do not get totally influenced by others work.
3. Praise everyone and do not get jealous of there sucess:- Every person who is working on themselves will be sucessfull praise them and talk to them how were they able to make it. Don’t hesistate in communicating, maybe they discuss about the ways that they followed which can he helpful to you as well. But not everytime, everyone has there own mantras to succed in life. Create one.
3. Read a good book:- Go for a good book. It will give you information about lots of aspects. There are books about renouned people’s failure and how did they rise. It will you morals and ways to deal with failure because failures are the part of the success.
4. Discuss with your parents: As they have a lot of experience they will be able to motivate you and help you deal with problems, and create an environment where no one will judge you. Respect and obey your parents.
5. Keep contact with the nature:- Staying in contact with nature, gardening, planting helps the mind to relax and get ready to grasp the things that is to be done afterwards.
6. Set a time for using mobile phones- There should be an appropriate time assigned for using phone as it is very addictive. Avoid using phone for researching something and instead go for laptops.