[Aparajita]

Helpful

Up

2

Down

Not Helpful

::

A chemical reaction is a process in which various compounds/elements having different characteristics react with each other to form a product with different physical and chemical properties.

In other words, it is a process in which various atoms present in a compound/element, rearrange them to form new substance.

While this reaction takes place, the substances that are combined together (to form new product) are known as Reactants. On the other hand, the substance that is formed as an outcome of reaction between the reactants is known as Products.

There are various types of chemical reactions. Some of them are:

1. Combination Reaction

2. Displacement Reaction

3. Double-Displacement Reaction

4. Decomposition Reaction

5. Neutralization Reaction

Here is a detailed explanation to the above listed types of chemical reactions.

· Combination Reaction

This is a basic reaction in which two or more substances combine to form a new substance as a result. It is commonly known as Synthesis Reaction. In the form of equation, it can be depicted as-

A + B → AB

Example of combination reaction-

2Na (s) + Cl2 (g) → 2NaCl (s)

2Mg (s) + O2 (g) → 2MgO (s)

· Displacement Reaction

This is a reaction in which one element of given compound displaces, or replaces a similar element of another compound. It is commonly known as Single-Displacement Reaction. In the form of equation, it can be depicted as-

A + BC → AC + B

Example of displacement reaction-

Zn (s) + 2HCl (aq) → ZnCl2 (aq) + H2 (g)

· Double-Displacement Reaction

This is a reaction in which positive and a negative ion (present in the given two ionic compounds) changes its position, or gets displaced to form new compounds. In the form of equation, it can be depicted as-

AB + CD → AD + CB

Example of double-displacement reaction-

2KI (aq) + Pb(NO3)2 (aq) → 2KNO3 (aq) + PbI2 (s)

· Decomposition Reaction

This reaction is basically reverse of the combination reaction. In this reaction, a compound breaks down into two or more simple substances. Most decomposition reactions require an input of energy in the form of heat, light, or <hypothesis-highlight>electricity</hypothesis-highlight>. In the form of equation, it can be depicted as-

AB → A + B

Example of decomposition reaction-

2HgO (s) → 2Hg (l) + O2 (g)

· Neutralization Reaction

This is a basic reaction in which an acid and base combine together to form a product that is usually salt or water. In the form of equation, it can be depicted as-

Acid + Base → Salt + Water

Example of neutralization reaction-

HCl + NaOH → H₂O + NaCl

NOTE:

1. It is very important to balance the reactions.

2. it is important to remember the seven elements that exist in nature as diatomic molecules .

I hope the answer helps you! 😊

[Aparajita]

Helpful

Up

2

Down

Not Helpful

::

Adjectives are basically words that describes a person, place or a thing. In other words, adjectives modify the nouns and pronouns. For example, without adjective one can never know if you had delicious meal or an awful meal.

To be precise, adjectives helps getting information about certain things like its size, shape, color, material, etc. For example:

· It’s an old project. (age)

· The cloth is made of soft material. (material)

· It is a around table. (shape)

In most of the cases, adjectives also help find answer to basic details about an object, which arouse when we see an object for the first time like where?, when?, what?, which?, and how?. For example:

· Where is the key? The key is in the small drawer.

· When did you leave? I left early in the morning.

· What is the material of this dress? This dress is made of soft nylon.

· Which room is the master bedroom? Master bedroom is the one on the left.

· How did you fall? I was cycling and unfortunately drove over a huge puddle.

Using adjectives has certain rules to be followed. While using an objective in a sentence, following are some important factors that must be followed:

· Proper usage of suffix

Generally, adjectives can be used in their original forms itself. However, there are exceptions where in we need to add proper suffix to the end of the word we choose as adjective. For example-

le/-ible: adorable, invisible, responsible, uncomfortable

-al: educational, gradual, illegal, nocturnal, viral

-an: American, Mexican, urban

-ar: cellular, popular, spectacular, vulgar

-ent: intelligent, potent, silent, violent

-ful: harmful, powerful, tasteful, thoughtful

…And many more.

· Proper placement of an adjective

It is important to use the adjective in the right place. Placing the adjective in the wrong place can result in making the sentence meaningless. For example-

It is a pretty day. (wrong)

It is a wonderful day. (correct)

Moreover, it also important to learn about words that help you describe a particular object better. Like-

Size: tiny, small, little, etc.

Material: soft, silky, rough, etc.

Color: red, blue, green, etc.

I hope this answer helps!😊

[Aparajita]

Helpful

Up

2

Down

Not Helpful

::

Ice floats on water. This happens so because ice has lesser density than water. Scientists have proven that water has a density of 1.0gm/cubic cm while on the other hand, ice has density of 0.931gm/cubic cm.

The process where water converts into ice, gives the hydrogen bonding a scope to expand and get placed further apart. As a result, forcing it to take more space, decreasing the overall density and hence, making to float in the water.

Generally, pure water gets converted into its solid state at 0 degree Celsius, this is also known as its freezing point. In other words, the constant temperature at which water changes into ice is called as solidification or freezing point.

To convert water to ice it releases about 80 calories (or 4200 J/Kg) of heat energy and is this is known as specific latent heat of fusion of Ice. It is the amount of heat required to change ice at 0 degree into water at 0 degree centigrade without change in its temperature, here the amount of heat absorbed by ice is used in increasing the potential energy of its molecules.

I hope this answer helps!😊

[Aparajita]

Helpful

Up

2

Down

Not Helpful

::

Hacking is an attempt to break someone’s privacy without their consent. On the contrary, it is not always illegal. There are particular companies that hire professional hackers for their benefit. Different types of hackers are:

1. White Hat hackers

2. Black Hat hackers

3. Grey Hat hackers

Here is brief explanation about each type:

· White Hat Hackers

The White Hat hackers are also known as Ethical Hackers. The hackers belonging to this category are harmless and do not intend to cause damage. Rather on contrary, they are hired to examine the existing system of a person/corporation and if they find a flaw, then help to fix the system with more accuracy.

· Black Hat Hackers

The Black Hat hackers are also known as Crackers. The hacking these hackers do is highly unprofessional and illegal. Their purpose to invade into a person/corporation’s system, in order to achieve unauthorised access and gain sensitive information or harm the operation.

· Grey Hat Hackers

The Grey Hat hackers are a perfect blend and combination of both White Hat hackers and Black Hat hackers. This type of hackers basically do things similar to black hat hackers but in a legal way. They are hired to get information from other systems without their knowledge. The work they do is highly professional but invading at the same time.

Apart from the White Hat, Black Hat and the Grey Hat hackers, they are various other miscellaneous hackers like Red Hat Hackers, Blue Hat Hackers, Elite Hackers and mane more. However these are the prominent one.

I hope this answer helps!😊

[Aparajita]

Helpful

Up

2

Down

Not Helpful

::

Here is brief explanation to primary cells and secondary cells.

· Primary Cells

These cells are for one time use only. Once used completely, it should be discarded. These types of cells cannot be recharged or reused. If keenly observed, the label of these cells provides caution notice saying it must not be recharged, if tried can explode. Primary cells are commonly found and used in most of the electric toys, clocks, wrist watches and domestic remote controllers.

· Secondary Cells

These cells are also known as chemical cells. Unlike primary cells, these are rechargeable in nature. Due to chemical reaction, the cells electricity gets reversed and as a result, the same cells can be saved and reused multiple after recharging process. All of the battery packs inside those automobiles are made of secondary cells. Another common use for secondary batteries is for starting, lighting, and ignition in vehicles.

· Key difference between primary cell and secondary cell

a) Primary cells don’t solve long term objective. While secondary cells can be considered potential for long term use.

b) Primary cells are cost effective, while secondary cells are comparatively expensive.

c) Primary cells are easy to use. Secondary cells are complex in usage.

d) Secondary cells have higher
self-discharge capability as compared to primary cells.

I hope this answer helps!😊

[Aparajita]

Helpful

Up

1

Down

Not Helpful

::

Russia made uneven progress in democratization during the 1990s, but this limited progress was reversed after Vladimir Putin rose to power in 1999-2000, according to many observers.

Following were the social, economic and political conditions of Russia before 1995:

· Social Conditions

During those times, majority religion was Russian Orthodox Christianity which had grown from the Greek Orthodox Church. But, other religions like Catholics, Protestants, Muslims and Buddhists; also had their significant presence in the empire. The non-Russian nationalities did not get equal treatment as the Russian nationalities. Non-Russian nationalities did not get their rights of freedom to follow their religious culture and language. As a result, the community got divided into different groups. The peasants formed a group named; ‘Commune of Mir’ and workers were divided into groups on the basis of their skills and training.

· Economic Conditions

At that time, grain was the main item of export in Russia. Result of which, majority Russians were Agriculturists. The industries had not flourished well then. St Petersburg and Moscow were the only prominent industries then. Most of the production came from the craftsmen. Apart from the workshops, there were many factories too. As the rail route got expanded and developed, there was seen significant growth in foreign investments as well. With time, the steel, iron and coal production got increased. There were equal number of craftsmen and factory workers. However, the life of workers was made miserable as they were exploited by the capitalists.

· Political Conditions

Russia was a monarchy. (Tsar Nicholas II ruled Russia and its empire that extended to current-day Finland, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, parts of Poland, Ukraine and Belarus. It stretched to the Pacific and comprised today’s Central Asian states, as well as Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan). The Tsars believed in the divine rights of kings. They were not responsible to the Parliament. All political parties were illegal in Russia.

I hope this answer helped you! 😊

[Aparajita]

Helpful

Up

1

Down

Not Helpful

::

Pollution, also known as environmental pollution, is addition of any type of substance [like solid, liquid or gas] or any form of energy [such as heat, sound, or radioactivity] to the environment such that it can exist in a harmful form. Among the various types of pollutions, land pollution, water pollution and air pollution are few that are directly related to our environment. However, pollution of all kinds can have negative effects on the environment and wildlife and can also have major impact on human health and well-being.

Here is a brief explanation on how is this pollution caused and how we can make an attempt on controlling it:

· Causes

The problem of environmental pollution that we face today is a consequence of various correlated actors. There are clearly many divergent and conflicting views on what exactly could be the reason behind such massive crisis. Some of them are as follows:

1. Population growth

Increased population growth is not just a factor for human problems; it equally damages the environment massively. More number of people means more usage of resources. Since there is control over the population, resources are exploited.

2. Agricultural development and Industrial development

The agricultural development effects the environment in various ways like- through application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, making changes in biological communities, extensive extraction of resources from the ground and also expanding irrigation to more and more surface apps.

Rapid rate of industrialization results in over exploitation of natural resources in order obtain more industrial outcome.

3. Unplanned urbanization

The unplanned urbanization has indeed deteriorated both urban as well as rural areas significantly. Urban areas suffer with problems like lack of water supply, over crowdedness, congestion and lack of sanitation. Most of the cities lack sewage systems. Waste produced is not equally managed well.

4. Poverty

It is true that poverty can cause damage to the environment. Due to lack of money, people are helplessly forced to make use of the natural resources for their basic necessities and survival [like food, shelter, etc.] Necessary steps must be taken to bring the poor people above poverty line for betterment of the current scenario.

· Control

The presence of environmental pollution raises the issue of pollution control. Great efforts are made to limit the release of harmful substances into the environment through air pollution control, waste water treatment, solid-waste management, hazardous waste management, and recycling. Unfortunately, attempts at pollution control are often surpassed by the scale of the problem, especially in less-developed countries.

I hope this answer helps!😊

[Aparajita]

Helpful

Up

1

Down

Not Helpful

::

Personality development is basically organized behavioral patterns, which one practices in their day to day life. In general, many factors are accountable to how ones personality shapes up including, society variables, genetics, environment and also parenting.

There are list of things that can help one develop him/her with a better personality. Few of them are listed below:

· Confidence

This is the most important factor of all. One must be confident about how they speak, how they feel and how they work. Being confident helps making one self-appreciative and moreover, confidence helps one go out of the box and take risks, in return gaining more opportunities.

· Originality

There is difference between copying and following. It is always recommended to follow something that inspires you to try new things, but blindly copying something doesn’t help you grow out of the boundaries. Being original gives chances of making your own mistakes and at the same time gives you scope to grow.

· Body language

Apart from intellectual requirement, your body language speaks a lot about you. A sulking, scared, not-so-confident attitude and posture can never depict a leader’s image. One must be upright, full of positivity and good outlook towards different phases in life.

· Good listener

Listening is yet another most important factor that plays key role in one’s personality. Talking too much just reveals more and more information about you. Listening helps understand things better and brings change in your perspective towards different things. One must know when to speak and where to speak.

· Sporty by nature

Having an outgoing, fun loving personality always stands out. One must know how to balance both work in hand and leisure activities to maintain their interests and present mindedness.

· Developing new interests

One must always explore more and more. Always look forward to things that make you feel uneasy to get along. It adds to your personality that yes, you do enjoy taking healthy risks and make progress in life.

· Increase new interaction

Talking to you new people helps understand human psychology better and helps you in getting experience of how to interact with people and understand them better.

· Take stand

Taking stand on your opinions is important. Speaking for your opinion is important. At the same time it is equally or more important that you are confident about what you speak.

· Know yourself

It is very important to know yourself, know your worth. One must know his/her strengths and weaknesses. Working on you is the eternal key to develop into a better personality.

I hope this answer helps!😊

[Aparajita]

Helpful

Up

1

Down

Not Helpful

::

Positive thinking can be achieved by different ways, which are proven effective by experience like: positive affirmation, positive imagery, etc.

Following are list of tips that can help one to achieve positivity in their outlook-

· Search good in everything

Having positive outlook towards different things, be it any problem or anything can change the magnitude of difficulties. ‘Whatever happens, happens for good’ should be the first thought in one’s mind before anything else. Start things on positive notes is very important in order to maintain one’s mental peace.

· Have gratitude

One must always count on their blessings. We should be gratified for what we have, not criticize about what we don’t. As it is said, Good things take time to happen.

· Talk to like-minded, positive people

Talking to negative people at such a time can cause damage. Spend time and talk with people who make you happy, make you feel lively. Talking to such people makes worst things better in moments, and helps overcome the negative thoughts.

· Positive self-talk

Talking to yourself is the ultimate way to overcome negativity. Having self-affirmation, thinking about positive things helps a lot. Self-care, self-love should be the priority.

· Explore humor

Having fun often is not taxing at all. Spending more time on reading jokes, watching comic series or shows helps feel joyous. It is definitely worth try.

· Cut yourself from negative areas

Cutting yourself from places and people who make you feel sad, negative should be first considered to be left aside. Avoiding such places will help you avoid negativity as well.

· Start your day with positive affirmation

Always start day with a good positive quote or a positive self-affirmation. Mornings must start with a positive outlook. Try making a schedule, plan events for yourself, meditating early mornings helps clear mind and feel peaceful.

I hope this answer helps!😊

[Aparajita]

Helpful

Up

1

Down

Not Helpful

::

Salt accounts for about 3.5 percent of the world’s oceans. It is naturally produced when shallow ponds and bays dry up in the sun and the wind and large salt crystals are left behind where the salty water once was. Sea water contains many salts mixed in it. One of them is common salt, when sea water is allowed to stand in shallow pits, water gets evaporated by sunlight and slowly turns into water vapor. In a few days, the water evaporates completely leaving behind the solid salts. Common salt is then obtained from this mixture of salts by further purification.Today there are three main methods for obtaining salt:

Evaporation from sea water, Mining salt from the earth and Creating salt brines.

Salt is an example of a mature market for an abundant commodity. With a predictable market and no way to improve the product what happens is that profit margins are kept low and the market gets dominated by large suppliers.

Food salt is comparatively a small market and the price is so cheap that it would scarcely generate more than a few dollars per household per year.

I hope this answer helps!😊

[Aparajita]

Helpful

Up

1

Down

Not Helpful

::

Pulmonary circulation is that part of the circulation system which carries deoxygenated blood away from the right ventricle in heart to lungs and returns oxygenated blood from left atrium and ventricle to the heart.

A separate system called; Bronchial Circulation circulates this oxygenated blood to the tissues of larger airways to the lungs.

From the right atrium, the blood is pumped through the tricuspid valve (or right atrioventricular valve), into the right ventricle. Blood is then pumped from the right ventricle through the pulmonary valve and into the main pulmonary artery.

Here is a brief over view of how this system works:

· Lungs

The pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs, where carbon dioxide is released and oxygen is picked up during respiration. Arteries are further divided into very fine capillaries which are extremely thin-walled. The pulmonary vein returns oxygenated blood to the left atrium of the heart.

· Veins

The oxygenated blood then leaves the lungs through pulmonary veins, which return it to the left part of the heart, completing the pulmonary cycle. This blood then enters the left atrium, which pumps it through the mitral valve into the left ventricle. From the left ventricle, the blood passes through the aortic valve to the aorta. The blood is then distributed to the body through the systemic circulation before returning again to the pulmonary circulation.

· Arteries

From the right
ventricle, blood is pumped through
the semilunar pulmonary valve into the left and right main pulmonary
arteries (one for each lung),
which branch into smaller pulmonary arteries that spread throughout the lungs.

I hope this answer helps!😊

[Aparajita]

Helpful

Up

1

Down

Not Helpful

::

An adverb is a word or an expression that modifies a verb, adjective, another adverb, determiner, clause, preposition, or sentence. Adverbs typically express manner, place, time, frequency, degree, level of certainty, etc., answering questions such as how?, in what way?, when?, where?, and to what extent?.

A great way to pick out an adverb from a sentence is to look for the word ending in -ly. Although that’s not universally true, it’s a good place to start. Also, given their function, these fundamental elements of the English language are usually placed right before or after the verb in the sentence.

Adverbs are intensifiers and they can even come in the form of an adverb phrases. That just means you’re looking at two or more words that act as an adverb. Let’s take some time to dive (v.) deeply (adv.) into these popular modifiers.

Here are some examples of adverbs modifying verbs:

He runs quickly.
She walks slowly.
He’s happily chattering
over there in the corner.

Adverbs can also modify adjectives or other adverbs. They provide more information about that other descriptive word. For example:

He runs very
quickly.

In this sentence, the adverb “very” is describing the adverb “quickly” (“very quickly” can be used as an adverb phrase).

An incredibly
pretty girl sat down next to me.

In this sentence, the adverb “incredibly” is describing the adjective “pretty.”

I hope this answer helps!😊

[Aparajita]

Helpful

Up

1

Down

Not Helpful

::

Similes

Similes is a figure of speech. It involves comparison of one thing to another in order to make it more the sentence more vividly understandable. For example:

1. He is as brave as a lion.

2. She is as beautiful as a flower.

In other words, Similes are used for qualitative comparison. Some words that help identify a simile in a sentence are- like, as, so, than.

Metaphors

Metaphor is yet another type of figure of speech. It is basically a way of defining an object by categorically mentioning another object as partial comparison. For example:

1. Time is money.

2. Age is a state of mind.

3. The criminal has blood on his hand.

It is basically a method of comparing to unlike things. As seen in literature, metaphors compare different things without actually using words such as- like, as.

Comparison between Similes and Metaphors

There is a very small line of difference between similes and metaphors. As mentioned above, in short, Similes work on the principle of direct comparison between two similar objects while, Metaphors work on the principle of comparison between two objects that are pole apart.

I hope this answer helps!😊

[Aparajita]

Helpful

Up

1

Down

Not Helpful

::

It is very important to work on our immune system. Moreover, the most healthy way to work on it is by bringing positive and impactful changes in our lifestyle and food habits as things work more effectively when done from in to out. Midst the COVID-19 pandemic, it is even more important to be healthy and have a strong immune system as the virus is air bone off late.

Following are few ways and tips that can for sure help in building a promising healthy immune system:

· Regular exercise

Having daily bit of exercise is very important. Due to pandemic, our body has got accustomed to being lazy and staying in. But this doesn’t solve the crisis. Gym has always been the go to option for most of us. But considering the scenario, it is still important to workout, avoiding crowd at the same time. It is highly advisable to take out at least 15 minutes a day for a small brisk walk session, nothing more, nothing less.

· Food supplements

Our diet has been a combination of various components like vitamins, proteins, etc. But we still lack in adding adequate amount of all required amount of these in our diet on regular basis. Considering the lifestyle we all live in, it is not always possible to have healthy/pre-planned food item on daily basis. Hence it is most advisable to have food supplements that make sure you have proper intake of required additional.

· Proper schedule

‘Binge watching’ is the new concept we all are addicted and accustomed to. But to be precise, this is not at all advisable. Having 8 hours of sleep, and a qualitative day is very important. It may not show instant results, but on long run, it does bring positive impact.

· Consistent healthy diet/food habits

Having healthy and filling breakfast, adequate lunch, light dinner is the most ideal format to follow. Consistency is key to long run positive and effective results.

· Positive approach

Things work better when worked with a positive outlook. Positive affirmation, avoiding negative thoughts and fear brings out the best from one. Positive mind, builds a positive life.

I hope this answer helps! 😊

[Aparajita]

Helpful

Up

1

Down

Not Helpful

::

Staying active is a very important part of one’s day in order stay healthy and fit. Off late, since the COVID-19 pandemic worldwide, we tend to stay at home and laze around even more than we could imagine of. As a result we have turned more lethargic and unhealthy over the time. Such lifestyle is highly unadvisable. It might feel that you are unbothered by it, but in the long run, it can cause adverse effect on our body, which might not be repairable. We must look into measures that make sure we make maximum usage of our day.

Following are certain tips that can make us active staying within home itself:

· Routine lifestyle

First and foremost, it is very important to have a balanced lifestyle. Having irregular sleep and eating pattern while working out externally won’t fetch positive results. In fact, can result into bad effects on our body.

· Gentle Workout

While we stay at home, we can still perform mild level workout sessions that include cardio and muscle exercise specifically. Daily workout twice a day for half an hour is sufficient enough to burn some energy and stay fit.

· Yoga

Not everyone is comfortable with daily workout sessions or heavy activity every day. The best and yet another way to stay active at home is to do yoga. Early morning is the best time to do yoga, it helps in building focus and brings clarity in state of mind.

· Fun/Useful Home chores

Staying at home might feel relaxing to some, while it might feel dreadful to others. Best way to start your day is by making your bed. It is proven that starting your day on this note helps build positivity and clears your mind from the very start of the day. Apart from making your bed, try engaging yourself into other household chores like dusting, washing utensils, clearing messy areas, etc. These tasks might feel easy or too boring but, it is one of the most effective way to stay healthy as well as finish household chores at one go staying at home!

I hope this answer helps!😊